6 th CCO May 2010 Radiation dose painting in Head and Neck treatment: how far are we ? Vincent GREGOIRE, MD, PhD, Hon. FRCR Radiation Oncology Dept., Head and Neck Oncology Program & Center for Molecular Imaging and Experimental Radiotherapy, Université Catholique de Louvain, St-Luc University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
6 th CCO May 2010 This house believes that … RO will be (even more) multidisciplinary… RO will be conformal (e.g. IMRT, proton, hadrons)… RO will be tailored (based on imaging and molecular profiling) and adaptive … RO will be associated with targeted agents …
6 th CCO May 2010 The current practice: Conformality…?
6 th CCO May Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) Radiotherapy in HNSCC Adaptive IMRT
6 th CCO May 2010 DAHANCA: EORTC: Radio/EDUCATION.htm RTOG: Conformal radiotherapy and IMRT in Head and Neck Tumors
6 th CCO May 2010 Oropharyngeal Carcinoma Which CTV for the neck? Grégoire et al., 2000
6 th CCO May 2010 Ant.symphysis menti / platysma Post.hyoid bone / submandibular gland Lat.ant. belly of digastric m. (Ia) mandible / platysma (Ib) Med.ant. belly of digastric m. (Ib) Cra.geniohyoid m./mandible (Ia) mylohyoid m, submandibular gland (Ib) Cau.hyoid bone Level Ia and Ib RP LII LIb LIa CT-based delineation of lymph node levels in the neck: Brussels- Rotterdam consensus guidelines
6 th CCO May 2010 H&N IMRT practice heterogeneity among Dutch Radiation Oncologists Rasch et al., 2007
6 th CCO May 2010 Oropharyngeal SCC T2-N0-M0 SIB-IMRT: 30x2.3 Gy 30x1.85 Gy PRV Spinal cord Left parotid Right parotid Larynx PTV 55.5 Gy PTV 69 Gy IMRT for Head and Neck Tumors
6 th CCO May 2010 ≥ grade 3 mucositis: IMRT vs 3D-CRT Acute toxicity with IMRT Vergeer, 2009
6 th CCO May 2010 Parotid gland sparing in IMRT for HNSCC Nutting, 2009
6 th CCO May 2010 The current practice: Conformality…? Yes !
6 th CCO May 2010 The current practice: Tailoring…?
6 th CCO May 2010 The Gross Tumor volume (GTV) Daisne et al., Radiology, 233: , 2004
6 th CCO May cm 18 F-FDG PET CAT Scan Macroscopy Daisne et al, 2004
6 th CCO May 2010 Impact of imaging modality on dose distribution Image-Guided Radiation Therapy in HNSCC CT-based target volumeFDG PET-based target volume
6 th CCO May 2010 Validation protocol in locally advanced HNSCC Apport de l'imagerie fonctionnelle par Tomographie par Emission de Positrons (TEP) dans le ciblage biologique par radiothérapie de conformation (3D-CRT) et par modulation d'intensité (IMRT) de tumeurs ORL Use of functional imaging with PET for target volume delineation in 3D-CRT/IMRT for head and neck tumors Prof. V. Grégoire, UCL St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium Prof. E. Lartigau, COL, Lille, France Dr. JF Daisnes, Cliniques St-Elisabeth, Namur, Belgium
6 th CCO May 2010 Survival is non-flat (higher in resistant areas) Non-flat doseFlat dose More similar survival across entire tumor Far more efficient use of dose Mean Tumor Dose = 2 Gy Courtesy of D. De Ruysscher “Dose painting” by number…
6 th CCO May 2010 “Dose painting” : the physics issue
6 th CCO May 2010 [ 18 F]-FDG TEPRegistered autoradiography Résolution 2.3 mmRésolution 0.1 mm N. Christian, 2010 Biological heterogeneity
6 th CCO May 2010 Metabolism: 18 F-FDG 11 C-Met Proliferation: 76 Br-BFU Hypoxia: 18 F-EF3 Which biological pathways? …
6 th CCO May 2010 FDGFLTCuATSM Spatially “complex” target Jeraj et al, 2010
6 th CCO May 2010 The current practice: Tailoring…? Great hope but still in the research arena!
6 th CCO May 2010 The current practice: Adaptation…?
6 th CCO May 2010 C. Monet, 1894 The Cathedral of Rouen 4D-IMRT
6 th CCO May 2010 CTMRI (T2)FDG-PET PRE-R/ WEEK 3 WEEK 5 (Week 2) (Week 4)
6 th CCO May 2010 Mean slope: -0.93% / treat day (p<0.05) Medial shift: 3.21mm after 25# (p<0.05) Mean slope: -1.03% / treat day (p<0.05) No shift Variation in parotid volumes during RT-CH… (70 Gy – 3 courses on w1, w4, w7) Homolateral parotid Heterolateral parotid Castadot & Lee, 2010
6 th CCO May 2010 Variation in CT Target volumes during RT-CH (70 Gy – 3 courses on w1, w4, w7) Castadot & Lee, 2010 Mean slope: -3.18% / treat day (p<0.05) Lateral shift: 1.26mm after 25# (p<0.05) GTV T, CT Mean slope: -2.55% / treat day (p<0.05) Lateral shift: 1.52mm after 25# (p<0.05) CTV T 70 Gy, CT
6 th CCO May 2010 Mean slope: -0.47% / treat day (p<0.05) No shift Mean slope: -0.41% / treat day (p<0.05) Medial shift: 1.76mm after 25# (p<0.05) Variation in prophylactic CTVs during RT-CH… (70 Gy – 3 courses on w1, w4, w7) Homolateral CTV N 50 Gy, CT Heterolateral CTV N 50 Gy, CT Castadot & Lee, 2010
6 th CCO May → 14Gy 14 → 25Gy25 → 35Gy35 → 45Gy45 → 69Gy Total Dose really received by each volume element of the patient + w2→w0 + w3→w0 + w4→w0 + w5→w0 Castadot & Lee, 2008
6 th CCO May 2010 Classic CT-based planningAdaptive PET-based planning 58%67%73%98%100%99%Adaptive PET-based 81%82%83%98%99% Classic PET-based 66%80%85%100% 99%Adaptive CT-based 100% Classic CT-based V 100 V 95 V 90 V 80 V 50 V 10 Planning P<0.001 Geets, 2007 Impact on dose distribution SIB-IMRT 30x2.3 Gy 30x1.85 Gy
6 th CCO May 2010 « Classical » CT-based « Classical » PET-based « Real » CT-based « Real » PET-based Adaptive CT-based Adaptive PET-based Homolat Parotid D mean (Gy) Heterolat Parotid D mean (Gy) SC D 2 (Gy) Larynx D 5 (Gy) Oral cavity D mean (Gy) Mandible D 2 (Gy) Homolat Submax gl D mean (Gy) Heterolat Submax gl D mean (Gy) Skin V 65Gy (cc) V 95% (cc) Dose distribution after biological adaptive IMRT Castadot & Lee, 2010
6 th CCO May 2010 The current practice: Adaptation…? Geometric adaptation, yes! Biologic & dosimetric adaptation, under validation!
6 th CCO May 2010
6 th CCO May 2010 This house believes that … … conformal …, tailored …, and adaptive … How far are we? Probably not too far … But don’t jump to quickly into routine practice… Wait for validation!