Unit 2 Careers in Health Care pgs 19 - 49

2:1 Introduction to Health Careers Over 200 health care careers Education Requirements vary by program and state High school (Secondary) preparation Health Occupations Education (HOE) Secondary vocational programs Post-secondary education Training at a Vo-Tech, community college or university Types of degrees Associate’s, Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctorate

Certification, Registration, and Licensure Purpose Certification Process and Examples Registration Process and Examples Licensure Process and Examples

Certification, Registration, and Licensure Purpose Ensure the skill & competency of health care personnel Protect the consumer/patient Need to graduate from an accredited program first Certification Person has fulfilled requirements of education Meets standards established by prof. Agency Examples: dental assistant, lab technician, medical assistant

Certification, Registration, and Licensure Registration process Required in some health occupations Performed by association that administers exams and maintains a current list of qualified personnel Examples: dietician, respiratory therapist, animal health technician Licensure

Certification, Registration, and Licensure Process where a gov’t agency authorizes individuals to work in a certain occupation Differs from state to state Usually have to complete a certain program, pass a state test, maintain standards Examples: physician, dentist, physical therapist, registered nurse

Accrediting Agencies Purpose Ensures that program of study meets quality competency standards Preparation for employment Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP) Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools (ABHES)

Continuing Education Units (CEUs) Purpose Required to renew license or maintain certification or registration Ensures health care workers are informed on latest standards and technology Requirements vary between careers & state

Training Levels Professional Technologist or Therapist Technician 4+ years of college, master’s or doctorate Technologist or Therapist 3 – 4 years of college plus work experience, usually bachelor’s Technician 2 year associate’s, 3 – 4 years on the job training Assistant or aide 1+ years of training Combines classroom & job training

Multicompetent or Multiskilled Workers New trend in health occupations Workers perform a variety of occupations Eliminates need for employing specialist for every aspect of care Examples: same technician for EKG and EEG Education done on-the-job or through educational programs

Entrepreneur Individual who organizes, manages and assumes the risk of a business Work conditions Independent business, but still work under direction of doctors Examples: dental lab technician, PT, dentist, optometrist

National Health Care Skill Standards (NHCSS) Purpose Health Care Core Standards Therapeutic/Diagnostic Core Standards Therapeutic Cluster Standards Diagnostic Cluster Standards Information Services Cluster Standards Environmental Services Cluster Standards

NHCSS Purpose Health Care Core Standards Indicate the knowledge and skills expected of heath care workers at entry and technical levels 6 groups of standards Examples of careers includes in the NHCSS clusters are shown on table 2-2 (pg 24) Health Care Core Standards Specify skills heath care workers should have Discusses academic foundation, communication skills, employability, legal stuff, ethics, safety, knowledge about heath care systems

NHCSS Therapeutic/Diagnostic Core Standards Specify skills required to focus on direct client care in BOTH therapeutic and diagnostic occupations Therapeutic – treatment of disease Diagnostic – identification of disease Includes health maintenance, client interaction, monitoring client, client movement

NHCSS Therapeutic Cluster Standards Diagnostic Cluster Standards Specify skills required of workers in occupations involved in changing the health status of a client Includes data collection, treatment planning, client evaluation Diagnostic Cluster Standards Specify skills required in of workers in occupations involving identification of health status of client Includes planning, prep, procedure, eval and reporting

NHCSS Information Services Cluster Standards Specify skills required of workers in occupations involved with documentation of client care Includes analysis, coding, info systems, documentation, info maintenance and retrieval Environmental Services Cluster Standards Specify skills required of workers in occupations involved with creating a therapeutic enviro Includes enviro. operations, aseptic procedure, resource management, aesthetics

Summary Different health occupations require different levels of education Some careers require certification, registration, or licensure Requirements vary from state to state Student must obtain information pertinent to an individual state

2:2 Dental Careers Basic job duties Places of employment Health of teeth and soft tissues of mouth Preventing dental disease Repairing or replacing diseased or damaged teeth Treating gingiva (gums) and other supporting structures of the teeth Places of employment Private dental office, lab, clinics, hospital, school, gov’t agency

Dental Careers (continued) Specialty areas Endontics, Orthodontics, Oral Surgery, Pedodontics, Periodontics, Prosthodontics Dental Careers Dentist (DMS, DDS), Dental hygienist, Dental laboratory technician, Dental assistant (DA) Table 2-3, pg 25

2:3 Diagnostic Services Basic job duties Places of employment Perform tests or evaluations Aid in detection, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury, or other physical conditions Places of employment Lab, doctor’s office, clinic, pharmaceutical firm, research

Diagnostic Careers Some examples of possible careers: Table 2-4, pg 27 Electrocardiograph (ECG) technician, Electroencephalographic (EEG) technologist, Electroneurodiagnostic technologist, Cardiocascular technologist, Medical (clinical) laboratory technologist, Phlembotomist, Biomedical equipment technician Table 2-4, pg 27

2:4 Emergency Medical Services Basic job duties Provide emergency prehospital care Provide care to victims of accidents, injuries, and sudden illness Places of employment Fire, police departments, rescue squad, ambulance service, hospital, urgent care, military, emergency helicopter services

Emergency Services Careers Examples of possible EMS careers Emergency medical technician basic (EMT-B) Emergency medical technician intermediate (EMT-I) Emergency medical technician paramedic (EMT–P) Table 2-5, pg 30

2:5 Health Information and Communication Services Job duties Maintain complete, accurate patient records Medical illustrators, photographer, writer, librarian Distribute health information Research and maintain information Use computers Places of employment Hospital, clinic, research center, long-term care, colleges, law firm, insurance company

Health Information and Communication Careers Some possible careers Medical records administrator (RA), Medical records technician (RT), Medical transcriptionist, Unit secretary/ward clerk/unit coordinator, Medical illustrator, Medical/health sciences librarian Table 2-6, pg 31

2:6 Hospital/Health Care Facility Services Basic description Operate support departments Includes administration, business office, admitting office, central/sterile supply, and housekeeping Each department has workers at all levels with varying amounts of education Places of employment Hospital, clinic, long-term care, HMO, public health, gov’t agency

Hospital/Health Care Facility Careers Some possible careers Health care administrator, Admitting officer/clerk, Central/sterile supply worker, Housekeeping worker/sanitary manager/environmental service worker Table 2-7, pg 33

2:7 Medical Careers Basic description Places of employment Includes physicians and those who work under their supervision Involved with diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of diseases and disorders of the human body Places of employment Private practice, clinic, hospital, research, HMO, gov’t agency, colleges

Medical Careers (continued) Some examples of possible careers Physician (doctor), Physician assistant, Medical assistant Physicians can be specialized in a wide variety of fields Table 2-8, pg 35; table 2-9, pg 35

2:8 Mental and Social Services Basic job duties Mental or emotional disorders or mental retardation Social workers assist others to deal with illness, employment, or community problems Focus: help individuals function to their maximum capacity Places of employment Hospitals, home health care, counseling, colleges, rehabilitation, prison, long-term care, gov’t agency

Mental and Social Services Careers Some examples of possible careers Psychiatrist, Psychologist, Psychiatric/mental health technician, Social worker (sociologist, caseworker, counselor) Table 2-10, pg 36

2:9 Mortuary Careers Basic job duties Places of employment Preparation of the body Perform ceremony that honors the deceased and meets the spiritual needs of the living Cremation or burial of the remains Practices and rites vary due to cultural and religious preferences Places of employment Funeral home, mortuary, crematorium, cemetery association

Mortuary Careers (continued) Some examples of possible careers Funeral director, Embalmer, Mortuary assistant Table 2-11, pg 38

2:10 Nursing Careers Basic job duties Places of employment Provide care under direction of a physician Direct care given to meet mental, emotional, and physical needs of the patient Places of employment Hospitals, long-term care, rehabilitation, physician’s offices, clinics, home health care, HMO, schools, industry

Nursing Careers (continued) Some examples of possible careers Registered nurse (RN), Licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN), Nurse assistant, Patient Care technician (PCT), Surgical technician/technologist (CST) Table 2-12, pg 39

2:11 Nutrition and Dietary Services Basic job duties Recognize importance of good nutrition Promote wellness & optimum health Provide dietary guidelines to treat diseases Teach proper nutrition Prepare food for health care facilities Places of employment Hospital, long-term care, day care, wellness center, school, clinics

Nutrition and Dietary Careers Some examples of possible careers Dietitian (RD), Nutritionist, Dietetic technician, Dietetic assistant Table 2-13, pg 41

2:12 Therapeutic Services Basic job description Use variety of treatments to help patients who are injured, physically or mentally disabled, or emotionally disturbed Direct treatment toward allowing the patient to function at maximum capacity Places of employment Rehabilitation, hospital, clinic, mental health, long-term care, home health care, school, gov’t agency

Therapeutic Careers Some examples of possible careers Physical therapist assistant, Occupational therapist (OT), Pharmacist, Pharmacy technician, Athletic trainer, Audiologist, Art therapist, Dialysis technician, Perfusionists Table 2-14, pgs 43 – 44

2:13 Veterinary Careers Basic description Places of employment Work with all types of animals Range from house pets to livestock to wildlife Places of employment Animal hospital, lab, zoo, farms, drug or animal food companies, fish and wildlife services Some examples of possible careers Veterinarian (DVM or VMD), Animal Health technician, Veterinary assistant Table 2-15, pg 47

2:14 Vision Services Basic job duties Places of employment Provide care to prevent vision disorders Treat vision disorders Places of employment Hospital, offices, optical shop, department store, school, HMO, clinic, gov’t agency

Vision Careers Some examples of possible careers Table 2-16, pg 49 Ophthalmologist (MD), Optometrist (OD), Ophthalmic technician (OT), Ophthalmic assistant (OA), Optician, Ophthalmic laboratory technician Table 2-16, pg 49