Current Status and Emerging Directions for PBIS Rob Horner University of Oregon Www.pbis.org

Goals Current status of PBIS in US and Internationally Emerging directions Focus on core features of PBIS Use of fidelity measures Role of state and district Alignment with mental health, restorative practices, social/emotional learning, bully prevention

Current Status Implementation of Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports.

Schools using PBIS February, 2015 20,384 20% of all Schools in US

14 States with more than 500 schools Number of Schools Implementation SWPBIS (Tier I) by State February , 2015 14 States with more than 500 schools

Proportion of Schools Implementing SWPBIS by State February, 2015 13 States with at least 40% of all schools using PBIS

9130 Schools with Fidelity Data Number of PBIS schools (Green) Implementing, (Red) measuring fidelity and (Blue) at Tier I fidelity by state >75% ------------------- Connecticut Iowa Kentucky Michigan Minnesota Missouri Oregon South Carolina Vermont 9130 Schools with Fidelity Data Florida Illinois North Carolina Wisconsin Total number of schools using SWPBIS Total number of schools measuring fidelity Schools at Tier I fidelity

International Implementation of PBIS Denmark Norway

1. Focus on Core Features Core features are the strategies and practices that you can see when you go into a school.

Tier I PBIS Core Features Consequences for Problem Behavior Classroom Systems System to Acknowledge Behavior Tier I PBIS Data-based Decision System School-wide Expectations Bully Prevention Leadership Team Family / Community Engagement

Practices  Core Features Effective Practice Effective Practice Effective Practice Effective Practice Technology Core Features Science Values Valued Outcomes

Tier II PBIS Core Features Increased Level of Feedback Additional instruction on Behavior Tier II PBIS Increased Structure Increased Intensity of Data Collection Tier II, III Leadership Team Increased Family Engagement

Tier III PBIS Core Features Individualized Support Delivery Individual Support Planning Tier III PBIS Increased Intensity of Data Collection Individualized Assessment Individual Student Team Increased Family Engagement

Why Focus on Core Features? Core features are a key to culturally sensitive PBIS. They allow use of different strategies and paths to achieve the features of a school that benefit all students. The focus on Core Features facilitates large-scale implementation Core features are critical to state and district alignment of multiple initiatives

2. Use of Fidelity Measures Providing teams with a valid, reliable, efficient fidelity measure is among the most empowering actions a leader can make. Fidelity measures shift the focus from “are we implementing program X?” to “are we establishing the features of a school that will benefit students?” Fidelity measures should be done at least 2-3 times a year and ALWAYS result in an action plan.

TFI- Technical Adequacy (McIntosh, Massar et al. 2015) Available from OSEP TA-Center www.pbis.org www.pbisapps.org No Cost Assessors Training PowerPoint and Assessors Training Video at www.pbisapps.org TFI- Technical Adequacy (McIntosh, Massar et al. 2015) Content Validity (Tier 1 .95; Tier II .93; Tier III .91) Usability (12 of 14 > 80%) (15 min per Tier) Inter-rater Agreement (.95; .96; .89) Test-retest reliability (.98; .99; .99) Factor Analysis

1.1 Team Composition Subscale: Teams Feature Data Sources Scoring Criteria 0 = Not implemented 1 = Partially implemented 2 = Fully implemented 1.1 Team Composition: Team Composition: Tier I team includes a Tier I systems coordinator, a school administrator, a family member, and individuals able to provide (a) applied behavioral expertise, (b) coaching expertise, (c) knowledge of student academic and behavior patterns, (d) knowledge about the operations of the school across grade levels and programs, and for high schools, (e) student representation. School organizational chart Tier I team meeting minutes   0 = Tier I team does not exist or does not include coordinator, school administrator, or individuals with applied behavioral expertise 1 = Tier I team exists, but does not include all identified roles or attendance of these members is below 80% 2 = Tier I team exists with coordinator, administrator, and all identified roles represented, AND attendance of all roles is at or above 80% Main Idea: Teams need people with multiple skills and perspectives to implement PBIS well.

Total score (TFI)

Sub-scale report

Sub-subscale report Tier I Teams Implementation Evaluation Tier II Interventions Evaluation Tier III Teams Resources Assessment Support plan Monitoring and adaptation

Item Report

Action Planning 1. Team to propose teaching template and Fall teaching schedule at Feb 16 Faculty meeting. Alan Feb 16

3. District as Unit of Implementation Student is unit of impact School is unit of analysis District is unit of implementation (Region) State is unit of capacity development

Building Capacity State District School Classroom SISEP and Scaling UP Current PBIS Initial PBIS Available at www.sisep.org Traditional Behavior/ Classroom Management

4. Aligning Multiple Initiatives Taking PBIS to the next level of scaling will depend largely on our ability to define practical and efficient systems for aligning multiple initiatives at the state, region and district level.

Percentage of Schools Implementing Predicted Trajectory based on theory of critical mass 80% Percentage of Schools Implementing 50% Replications Too often, actual results Model Demonstrations 10% 0% Early Later Time in Years Steve Goodman

---------------------------- Restorative Practice/ Justice Discipline Disproportionality Challenge: We have more “programs,” “initiatives” or “practices” than can be implemented well. ---------------------------- How to organize and align for efficiency and effectiveness Trauma-based Support School Climate/ PBIS Schools Bully Prevention Restraint Seclusion Common Core Academic Failure Your Addition Teacher Effectiveness

4 Key Features of Effective Alignment Align multiple initiatives at the organizational level where a common budget authority exists. Align multiple initiatives by using a common outcome measure to assess effectiveness. Build aligned professional development by comparing and combining the “core features” of multiple initiatives. Compare fundamental assumptions Start with common “core features” and compare the practices used to achieve these features. Determine how to incorporate additional core features with efficiency Build single Professional Development curricula that combine core features. Resolve Logic Model Conflict

Effective Alignment of Initiatives Organizational Unit Core Feature Summary for each Initiative Single Prof Devel Plan (with coaching, policy, data systems) Initiative A Initiative B Initiative C Fidelity and Outcome Measures

Summary School-wide social culture is increasingly being recognized as a fundamental element of effective schools. PBIS is an effective and efficient framework for establishing and sustaining a school-wide social culture For the near future: Focus on “core features” of PBIS Measure and use fidelity data Focus on district capacity Establish a formal protocol for selecting and aligning multiple initiatives.

Integrated Multi-Tiered Framework for Educational Success October 22-23, 2015 OSEP Technical Assistance Center on PBIS 2015 Leadership Forum Sessions are organized by strands that support initial through advanced implementation in elementary, middle, and high schools as well as juvenile justice facilities:    PBIS Foundations Classroom Applications Tier 2 Systems & Practices Tier 3 Systems & Practices Aligning Systems Juvenile Justice Mental Health Integration Equity Applied Evaluation Special Topics   Integrated Multi-Tiered Framework for Educational Success SAVE THE DATE Donald E. Stephens Convention Center Rosemont, Illinois This two-day forum for school, state, district and regional Leadership Teams and other professionals has been designed to increase the effectiveness of PBIS implementation.   Featuring sessions specifically designed for our Mental Health, Juvenile Justice, and Family/Community Partners! Visit the Upcoming Events page at www.pbis.org for more information