Final Exam Review: 2nd Semester Content
Why did US fight the Mexican American War ?
Texas was annexed; war provoked to gain land
How did Congress try to stop slavery in land gained from the Mexican American War ?
Wilmot Proviso: any land gained in war against Mexico would be free and not slave - it failed to pass
What are the geographic features of the Northeast?
Rushing rivers, rocky soil, good for industry
The benefits to industrialism were ?
Economic wealth, tech, stable employment;
Drawbacks ?
Pollution, child labor, overcrowded cities
Define Henry Clay’s American System.
Govt. to help build canals etc, National Bank, tariff
What was difficult in building the Trans.Railroad ?
Weather of Sierras, Indian Attacks, and
supply delivery was difficult
What were push and pull factors of immigration ?
War, famine, economy; freedom, jobs
Who were some progressive reformers and what did they do ?
Horace Mann
– education,
Jane Addams
–Hull House
Susan B. Anthony
- right to vote,
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
– Women’s rights
What were the key characteristics of the South ?
Slavery, slow wide rivers, fertile land
Who resisted slavery and how did they resist ?
Tubman
– Underground RR,
Nat Turner
– violent rebellion
Frederick Douglass
- North Star Newspaper
Grimike sisters
- moral suasion
John Brown
- Harpers Ferry raid
Garrison
– newspaper the Liberator
How do historians know the details of life during the westward movement ?
Letters, diaries, photos, newspapers
Who were famous abolitionists ?
Garrison, Grimike, Tubman, Truth, Douglass
What compromises made to avoid a civil war ?
Missouri Comp, Compromise of 1850, and Kansas- Nebraska Act
How was slavery justified ?
In Bible, existed since ancient times and
economic necessity, civilization given to slaves, cared for by owners
What were the causes of the Civil War ?
Economics, slavery, states rights
What are famous Lincoln documents and what do they say ?
Gettysburg Address; ideals of Dec. of Independence and
preservation of union requires the sacrifice
Emancipation Proclamation
free slaves in southern states, not border states, allow enlistment of African Americans
House Divided debate speech –
we will become all slave or all free, we will not fall
2nd inaugural address
malice toward none, charity toward all
What advantages and disadvantages did the North and South have to win the war ?
North: population, economy, transportation, factories weapons
South: Motivation to defend homeland; General Lee, military training
What battles are remembered from the Civil War and why ?
Antietnam, Gettysburg, Shiloh, Bull Run, Fredericksburg - # of deaths, turning points
What amendments were added to the Constitution during Reconstruction ?
13,14,15
What resources did the United States have that helped it to industrialize ?
Natural resources, immigrant labor, transportation, inventions
What political parties emerged on the West ?
Grangers, populists
Who are some famous industrialists and what area did the specialize ?
Carnegie
steel
Rockefeller
oil
Vanderbilt
trains
JP Morgan
banking
What were the waves of immigration ?
Northwestern Europe, Southeastern Europe
Vocabulary terms to know
Wilmot Proviso ?
land gained in war with Mexico would be free
Manifest Destiny-
duty to move west and bring democracy
American System-
Henry Clay idea govt help build infrastructure, national bank necessary
Transcontinental Railroad-
Railroad connected east and west
Suffrage-
voting rights
Abolitionist-
wanted to end slavery
Muckrakers-
journalists exposed negatives of ind. rev
Underground Railroad
-network of escape for slaves to Canada
Scorch and Burn-
destroy all in path from Atlanta to the sea by Sherman
Jim Crow laws-
Laws that segregated races
Reconstruction-
time of rebuilding nation and ensuring rights of freed slaves