Hyphens, Dashes, and Parentheses Before we begin, copy the rules for hyphens and dashes located on page 521 of your purple Language Arts Today book

HYPHENS The hyphen serves two primary functions: 1. to divide words that split at the end of a line 2. to join word parts into a single word. So to remember shorter hyphens: So to remember shorter hyphens: think “dividing or joining word parts”. think “dividing or joining word parts”.

Use a hyphen to divide a word at the end of a line. Use a hyphen to divide a word at the end of a line. Only words with more than one syllable can be divided. Do not leave a single letter at the beginning or the end of a line. Only words with more than one syllable can be divided. Do not leave a single letter at the beginning or the end of a line. Longer words can be divided in more than one place. Longer words can be divided in more than one place. Elec-tion Elec-tion Li-brary Li-brary Turn to page 558 of your LAT. We’ll answer some questions using hyphens in the words on that page. Turn to page 558 of your LAT. We’ll answer some questions using hyphens in the words on that page.

Use a hyphen in compound numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine and in fractions used as adjectives. Use a hyphen in compound numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine and in fractions used as adjectives. Thirty-two Thirty-two Note: It is important to remember that they’re only used in numbers twenty one to ninety- nine. Note: It is important to remember that they’re only used in numbers twenty one to ninety- nine. A two-thirds majority A two-thirds majority

When two or more words expressing one thought act as an adjective before a noun, use a hyphen to connect them. When two or more words expressing one thought act as an adjective before a noun, use a hyphen to connect them. Long-range plans Long-range plans

DASHES A dash is a longer line—double the length of a hyphen—which indicates a break or an interruption in the thought. Use a dash to set off a sudden change of thought or an afterthought (or to mean namely or in other words). Use a dash to set off a sudden change of thought or an afterthought (or to mean namely or in other words). Tom and Alex are very close – most brothers are. Tom and Alex are very close – most brothers are. The game – it went into overtime – was really exciting. The game – it went into overtime – was really exciting.

PARENTHESES Dashes are used to set off part of a sentence. Unlike parentheses, which tend to minimize, dashes tend to emphasize the set-off text. Parentheses indicate another type of interruption. They enclose information that isn’t necessary to the meaning of a sentence or information that some readers may already know. Parentheses indicate another type of interruption. They enclose information that isn’t necessary to the meaning of a sentence or information that some readers may already know. The president (Cooper Smith) presented the award. The president (Cooper Smith) presented the award. What other punctuation could we use in the above sentence instead of parentheses? That would make it an ___________________. What other punctuation could we use in the above sentence instead of parentheses? That would make it an ___________________.

Correctly punctuate these sentences: 1. A king size bed the largest size is wider than a double bed. 2. How do you divide furniture, fur niture or furni ture? 3. A double bed is four and a half feet 1.37 meters wide. 4. French beds of the Empire period early 1800s were large.

5. A very rough bed is often called a bunk perhaps a shortened form of bunker. 5. A very rough bed is often called a bunk perhaps a shortened form of bunker. 6. Many students went to the game dur 6. Many students went to the game dur ing the last quarter. ing the last quarter. 7. American colonists usually stuffed their beds with whatever was plentiful corn husks, wood chips, or straw. 7. American colonists usually stuffed their beds with whatever was plentiful corn husks, wood chips, or straw. 8. Could a bed be one third husks and two thirds straw? 8. Could a bed be one third husks and two thirds straw? 9. The bedroom rarely a separate room could be in a corner. 9. The bedroom rarely a separate room could be in a corner.

10. Many children slept with their parents or in a trundle bed a bed pushed under the parents’ bed during the day. 10. Many children slept with their parents or in a trundle bed a bed pushed under the parents’ bed during the day. 11. Privacy a sought after condition was almost impossible. 11. Privacy a sought after condition was almost impossible. 12. How is privacy divided, priv a cy or pri va cy? 12. How is privacy divided, priv a cy or pri va cy?