Prefix, Postfix, Infix Notation

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Presentation transcript:

Prefix, Postfix, Infix Notation

Infix Notation To add A, B, we write A+B To multiply A, B, we write The operators ('+' and '*') go in between the operands ('A' and 'B') This is "Infix" notation.

Prefix Notation Instead of saying "A plus B", we could say "add A,B " and write + A B "Multiply A,B" would be written * A B This is Prefix notation.

Postfix Notation Another alternative is to put the operators after the operands as in A B + and A B * This is Postfix notation. "A,B are multiplied" "A,B are added"

Pre A In B Post The terms infix, prefix, and postfix tell us whether the operators go between, before, or after the operands.

Parentheses Evaluate 2+3*5. + First: (2+3)*5 = 5*5 = 25 * First: 2+(3*5) = 2+15 = 17 Infix notation requires Parentheses.

What about Prefix Notation? + 2 * 3 5 = = + 2 * 3 5 = + 2 15 = 17 * + 2 3 5 = = * + 2 3 5 = * 5 5 = 25 No parentheses needed!

Postfix Notation 2 3 5 * + = = 2 3 5 * + = 2 15 + = 17 2 3 + 5 * = = 2 3 + 5 * = 5 5 * = 25 No parentheses needed here either!

Conclusion: Infix is the only notation that requires parentheses in order to change the order in which the operations are done.

Fully Parenthesized Expression A FPE has exactly one set of Parentheses enclosing each operator and its operands. Which is fully parenthesized? ( A + B ) * C ( ( A + B) * C ) ( ( A + B) * ( C ) )

Infix to Prefix Conversion Move each operator to the left of its operands & remove the parentheses: ( ( A + B) * ( C + D ) ) Start with Fully parenthesized expression. Move each operator to the left of its operands and remove the set of parentheses.

Infix to Prefix Conversion Move each operator to the left of its operands & remove the parentheses: ( + A B * ( C + D ) ) Start with Fully parenthesized expression. Move each operator to the left of its operands and remove the set of parentheses.

Infix to Prefix Conversion Move each operator to the left of its operands & remove the parentheses: * + A B ( C + D ) Start with Fully parenthesized expression. Move each operator to the left of its operands and remove the set of parentheses.

Infix to Prefix Conversion Move each operator to the left of its operands & remove the parentheses: * + A B + C D Order of operands does not change! Start with Fully parenthesized expression. Move each operator to the left of its operands and remove the set of parentheses.

Infix to Postfix ( ( ( A + B ) * C ) - ( ( D + E ) / F ) ) Operand order does not change! Operators are in order of evaluation!

Computer Algorithm FPE Infix To Postfix Assumptions: Space delimited list of tokens represents a FPE infix expression Operands are single characters. Operators +,-,*,/

FPE Infix To Postfix Initialize a Stack for operators, output list Split the input into a list of tokens. for each token (left to right): if it is operand: append to output if it is '(': push onto Stack if it is ')': pop & append till '('

FPE Infix to Postfix ( ( ( A + B ) * ( C - E ) ) / ( F + G ) ) stack: <empty> output: []

FPE Infix to Postfix ( ( A + B ) * ( C - E ) ) / ( F + G ) ) stack: ( output: []

FPE Infix to Postfix ( A + B ) * ( C - E ) ) / ( F + G ) ) stack: ( ( output: []

FPE Infix to Postfix A + B ) * ( C - E ) ) / ( F + G ) ) stack: ( ( ( output: []

FPE Infix to Postfix + B ) * ( C - E ) ) / ( F + G ) ) stack: ( ( ( output: [A]

FPE Infix to Postfix B ) * ( C - E ) ) / ( F + G ) ) stack: ( ( ( + output: [A]

FPE Infix to Postfix ) * ( C - E ) ) / ( F + G ) ) stack: ( ( ( + output: [A B]

FPE Infix to Postfix * ( C - E ) ) / ( F + G ) ) stack: ( ( output: [A B + ]

FPE Infix to Postfix ( C - E ) ) / ( F + G ) ) stack: ( ( * output: [A B + ]

FPE Infix to Postfix C - E ) ) / ( F + G ) ) stack: ( ( * ( output: [A B + ]

FPE Infix to Postfix - E ) ) / ( F + G ) ) stack: ( ( * ( output: [A B + C ]

FPE Infix to Postfix E ) ) / ( F + G ) ) stack: ( ( * ( - output: [A B + C ]

FPE Infix to Postfix ) ) / ( F + G ) ) stack: ( ( * ( - output: [A B + C E ]

FPE Infix to Postfix ) / ( F + G ) ) stack: ( ( * output: [A B + C E - ]

FPE Infix to Postfix / ( F + G ) ) stack: ( output: [A B + C E - * ]

FPE Infix to Postfix ( F + G ) ) stack: ( / output: [A B + C E - * ]

FPE Infix to Postfix F + G ) ) stack: ( / ( output: [A B + C E - * ]

FPE Infix to Postfix + G ) ) stack: ( / ( output: [A B + C E - * F ]

FPE Infix to Postfix G ) ) stack: ( / ( + output: [A B + C E - * F ]

FPE Infix to Postfix ) ) stack: ( / ( + output: [A B + C E - * F G ]

FPE Infix to Postfix ) stack: ( / output: [A B + C E - * F G + ]

FPE Infix to Postfix stack: <empty> output: [A B + C E - * F G + / ]

Problem with FPE Too many parentheses. Establish precedence rules: My Dear Aunt Sally We can alter the previous program to use the precedence rules.

Infix to Postfix Initialize a Stack for operators, output list Split the input into a list of tokens. for each token (left to right): if it is operand: append to output if it is '(': push onto Stack if it is ')': pop & append till '(' if it in '+-*/': while peek has precedence ≥ it: pop & append push onto Stack pop and append the rest of the Stack.