1 APA Formatting: Beyond Citations Beth Oyler, Writing Instructor Kelly Chermack, PhD, Dissertation Editor

22 Questions and Recording Type in the Questions box Access captioning Download slides View recording Walden Writing Center website: – – webinars

33 What we WILL cover. Course paper formatting Capitalization Numbers Abbreviations Serial commas and seriation Verbs Point of view What we will NOT cover. Capstone study formatting Tables of contents Tables and figures Appendices Capstone-specific issues MS Word formatting Session overview & objectives

44 Course Paper Formatting Templates Title page Running head Page numbers Headings Double spacing Font style and size Different first page. Times New Roman, 12 point. Spacing between sentences. Header, title, student name, and Walden University. Begin on page 2.

55 Capitalization First word of a sentence Proper nouns – Freud  cesarean section – Department of Psychology  psychology course – Chapter 2  these chapters Major words and words of four letters or more in headings and titles Do not capitalize models or theories – Maslow’s hierarchy of needs – Einstein’s theory of relativity See pages in the APA 6 th Edition

66 Abbreviations Introduce once within parentheses – The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) – English language learners (ELLs) Combine abbreviations and a citation – The Department of Education (DOE; 2012) – (The Department of Education [DOE], 2012) – (DOE, 2012)

77 Abbreviations (1) The ELLs (English Language Learners) in my class give a different perspective. (2) Often ELL students have different experiences they can expose other students to. (3) English language learners are thus a valuable addition to classes. Abbreviation should be in parentheses. Repetition of learner and students. No need to spell out phrase. Writers should avoid these common mistakes with abbreviations:

88 Abbreviations (1) The English language learners (ELLs) in my class give a different perspective. (2) Often ELLs have different experiences they can expose other students to. (3) ELLs are thus a valuable addition to classes. Instead:

99 Abbreviations Latin abbreviations: – Within parentheses – (i.e., diabetes and heart disease) – See pages in the APA 6 th Edition i.e.That is e.g.For example etc.And so forth vs.Versus cf.compare

10 Seriated lists: A survey should include (a) clear wording, (b) convenient access, and (c) concise directions. Numbers: Particular order. When collecting data, I will 1. Develop the survey questions, 2. Send out the survey link to the participants, and 3. Gather the data after 1 month. Bullets: No particular order. A survey should include Clear wording to avoid confusion; Convenient access so participants can easily respond; and Concise directions that do not overwhelm participants. Seriation

11 Seriation Parentheses for lower-case letters – The Writing Center offers (a) short answers via within 24 hours, (b) paper reviews returned within 48 hours by appointment, and (c) hour-long webinars throughout the month. – The Writing Center offers support with (a) paper reviews, questions, and developmental editing; (b) a website with examples and tips; and (c) form and style reviews. Numbers only for: – Vertical lists – Items in a particular order

12 Seriation Helpful hints: – Does the list need to be ordered or chronological? If not, using the first example, and keeping the text within the paragraph, may be the best idea If yes, a numbered list, like the second example, is probably best – Not chronological, but needs to be emphasized? The last example may be best – Are in a numbered or bulleted list, are there complete sentences? Does it need to be cited? This will help you choose the correct punctuation – See pages in the APA 6 th Edition

13 Numbers Nine and below, 10 and above Except: – Time: 3 years, 4 hours – Chapter 4 – Scores/Points: 7 points – Percentages: 5.5% – Abstracts See pages in the APA 6 th Edition

14 Serial Comma Oxford comma Comma after each item in a series: – She researched, read, and wrote her paper. – I chose between a qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods design. – The Writing Center offers short answers via , paper reviews by appointment, and webinars throughout the month. – See pages in the APA 6 th Edition

15 Verb tense Use past tense to discuss what a source said or did – Brown (2012) distributed the surveys by . – The CDC (2010) reported that 25% of Americans do not have access to health care.

16 Verb tense Use the active voice instead of passive voice –Passive voice –The surveys were distributed by . –The surveys were distributed by Brown (2012) by –Active voice –Brown (2012) distributed the surveys by . –See pages in the APA 6 th Edition

17 Point of View Avoid referring to yourself in the third person The author reviewed the case study. The researcher will analyze the lesson plan. I reviewed the case study. I will analyze the lesson plan.

18 Point of View Use appropriately Avoid: – Saying “I” too much or when unnecessary – Referring to the reader with “we” or “you” We need to ensure students have strong reading skills. Teachers need to ensure students have strong reading skills. Parents need to ensure students have strong reading skills.

19 Web resources for today’s content Course paper templates Headings page Capitalization page Numbers page Latin Abbreviations page Serial commas page Seriation page Active and Passive Voice page Point of View page “Appropriate Use of First Person” webinar APA Manual, Chapter 4 “Mechanics of Style ”

20 Web resources for doctoral capstones Doctoral templates “Using the Walden Doctoral Capstone Template” and Capstone webinars“Using the Walden Doctoral Capstone Template” and Capstone webinars Capstone Resources page Form and Style Review page:Form and Style Review page Microsoft Writing Resources Tables and Figures page Appendix page APA Manual, Chapter 4 “Mechanics of Style” APA Manual, Chapter 5 “Displaying Results”

21 Questions?