Instructional Objectives TLW: Identify the 13 original English colonies, when they were founded, who established them, and why. TLW: Complete map activity related to establishment of 13 colonies. Classify characteristics of major historic events: colonization. Recognize the historical impacts of European settlements in North America.

The 13 Originals Exploring the who, when, where, and why behind the 13 original colonies of early America.

What’s it to you? What would it be like to start a new town? What do you think? What’s it to you? What would it be like to start a new town? What kind of obstacles would you face? Would you have enough support (money and friends) to do it? Is there something you have ever tried to start in your life that might be like this? These may have been some of the questions the early settlers asked themselves when they started.

Colony # 1: Virginia Founded in 1607 (Jamestown) Captain John Smith is given credit for starting this colony. Many people at this time wanted to leave their homeland in order to have more freedoms and to not be under the strict rule of the kings of England. Southern Colony

Colony # 1: Virginia A Pocahontas statue was erected in Jamestown, Virginia in 1922 At Jamestown Settlement, replicas of Christopher Newport's 3 ships are docked in the harbor. Map of Virginia published by John Smith (1612)

Colony # 2: Massachusetts Founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims. Plymouth was the original name of the settlement. John Carver was the leader of the Pilgrims and author of the Mayflower Compact. Puritans then came and settled Boston (Mass. Bay Colony) John Winthrop was the governor of this settlement. New England Colony Plymouth Plantation, with Cape Cod Bay visible in the distance Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor by William Halsall (1882)

Colony # 2: Massachusetts The first Thanksgiving.

Colony # 3: Maryland Founded in 1634 by George Calvert who started a charter but didn’t live to see it come true. He believed all people should have religious freedom. King Charles I was king and didn’t agree with the religious freedom. In 1649, the Toleration Act was passed that guaranteed equality of rights for everyone for religion. Southern Colony George Calvert, Lord Baltimore

Colony #4: Rhode Island In 1636, Rhode Island became a colony after Roger Williams, a clergyman, obtained a charter from England to form the colony. He spoke out against the Puritans strictness and went to this area to settle and provide religious choice. Rhode Island also had freedom of religion. New England Colony Roger Williams “minister, author”

A map of the Connecticut, New Haven, and Saybrook colonies. Colony #5: Connecticut Also founded in 1636 by a clergyman by then name of Thomas Hooker. He led a group of people from Rhode Island to start their own colony and they had freedom of religion. New England Colony A map of the Connecticut, New Haven, and Saybrook colonies.

Colony #6: North Carolina Founded in 1663 by English nobles. Charter granted by Charles II. Charleston: main city was named after Charles II. Became very important port city. Bad politics forced a split of the colony into North and South. Southern Colony King Charles II

Colony #7: South Carolina In 1729 South Carolina received its name after a political dispute and became a colony. Had large plantations for growing crops and raising livestock. Southern Colony

Colony #8: New York Started as New Netherland, a Dutch colony in 1609 James Duke of York was given it from Charles II. The English took over in 1664 and renamed it New York. Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony) James, Duke of York

Colony #9: New Hampshire Sold to the king of England in 1679. Royal colony: king chooses governor and no elected government. New England Colony

Colony #10: Pennsylvania In 1681, William Penn was granted a charter for land between Maryland and New York. King Charles was in debt to Penn’s father. Penn was a Quaker and he gave the people two rights: 1. Freedom of Religion 2. Right to elect public officials. Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony

Colony #11: Delaware In 1682, the Duke of York granted William Penn this land. It became a colony in 1704. Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony)

Colony #12: New Jersey The Duke of York split this land in half for two friends. (East Jersey & West Jersey) Government quarrels caused them to be combined in 1702. Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony) Map of New Netherland (17th century)

Colony #13: Georgia It became a colony in 1733. James Oglethorpe was granted a charter to start Georgia for the poor and unfortunate who leave prison. It was known as a buffer zone between the Spanish and the English colonies. Southern Colony

THE AMERICAN COLONIES NEW ENGLAND COLONIES MIDDLE COLONIES Region Geography Government & Economy Religion & Society NEW ENGLAND COLONIES • Coastal areas with good harbors. • Inland areas with dense forests. • Poor rocky soil & short growing season. •Small farms. Lumber mills. Fishing, Shipbuilding and Trade flourished. •Cities developed along coast. •Most people organized as congregations. (Puritans) •Lived on farms, Merchants controlled trade. •Artisans made goods, unskilled workers and slaves provided labor. MIDDLE COLONIES •Fertile soil and long growing season. •Rivers ran into backcountry. •Colonies grew large amounts of rye, oats, barley, potatoes & wheat as cash crop. •Cities on coast. •Wealthiest people owned large farms & most business. •Most farmers produced a small surplus. •Tenants farmers rented land or worked for wages. • Religious diversity: Catholic, Quaker, Protestant SOUTHERN COLONIES •Favorable climate and soil for agriculture. •Wide rivers made cities unnecessary. “Plantations” •Tobacco, rice & indigo grown on large plantations as cash crops. •Wealthy elite controlled most land. •Labor supply: indentured servants & African slaves. Religion: Anglican

The New England Triangular Trade Ships followed ocean routes that formed a triangle on the world map.

The 13 Originals (Conclusion) How do you think you would have handled trying to start a new colony? What was the three things most people wanted when these new colonies were started? Describe the New England Colonies? Describe the Middle or Breadbasket Colonies? Describe the Southern Colonies?

The New England Colonies New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut

Life in Colonial England Most New Englanders were: Farmers Trade Sailing and by the sea They used ships called schooners were used to catch cod They also were known for whaling They used the whales for oil Boston was the largest city in the New England colonies.

Life in Colonial New England Schooling was very important to New Englanders. They believed that children should be able to read so they can read the Bible. Massachusetts past a law about public education in 1647. The law said every town with 50 families or more must have a school.

The New England Colonies CLIMATE Colder than the other two regions Why? Because they were the farthest north!

The New England Colonies GEOGRAPHY Mostly hills with rocky soil

The Middle Colonies New Jersey Pennsylvania New York Delaware

Life in the Middle Colonies People lived on large farms far apart from each other. Families home schooled their children. The farms produced grains such as corn and wheat. They were known as the “Breadbasket of America”. Beaver fur was common for trade.

The Middle Colonies The middle colonies unlike the other colonies had settlers from all different countries: Europe Germany Holland Sweden Henry Hudson explored the waterway called the Hudson River. The Dutch built a settlement called New Amsterdam. New Amsterdam then became New York when it was attacked by the English. The English also took New Sweden from the Dutch and called it New Jersey.

The Middle Colonies CLIMATE GEOGRAPHY Moderate in the wintertime, moderately long for growing crops GEOGRAPHY Hills and flat land with fertile soil

The Southern Colonies Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

Life in the Southern Colonies There were few towns in the southern colonies, but several times a year families living on plantations would travel to the county seat. This was the main town for each county, or large part of a colony. People went to church and traded crops for goods at the county seat. County seats had a courthouse, church, general store, and a jail Plantation owners bought and sold slaves here.

The Southern Colonies NATURAL RESOURCES

The Southern Colonies AGRICULTURE Very productive CASH CROPS of tobacco and rice. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Rich soil Flat ground Longer growing season Plantations Specialized and large.

Contrast between the North and South List 3 differences between the Northern and Southern colonies. Environment/Geography/Climate Agriculture Manufacturing