Colonial America Unit 1: Notes #1 9/6/13 Mr. Welch

Creation of New England English Protestants who wanted to purify the Church of England of all Catholic traces were known as puritans English Protestants who wanted to purify the Church of England of all Catholic traces were known as puritans They wanted to form a colony where they could practice their religion freely They wanted to form a colony where they could practice their religion freely In England, they were persecuted for their beliefs by King James I In England, they were persecuted for their beliefs by King James I Some Puritans wanted total separation from the church they were known as Separatists Some Puritans wanted total separation from the church they were known as Separatists

Coming to America The Pilgrims were a group of Separatists who set sail for America in 1620 on the Mayflower The Pilgrims were a group of Separatists who set sail for America in 1620 on the Mayflower After a 2 months at sea they landed in Massachusetts There they signed the Mayflower Compact, a legal contract where they agreed to make laws for the general good There they signed the Mayflower Compact, a legal contract where they agreed to make laws for the general good This is one of the first attempts at self-gov’t in the colonies

Massachusetts Bay Colony Inspired by the Pilgrims soon more Puritans moved to New England Inspired by the Pilgrims soon more Puritans moved to New England Puritan merchants founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony Puritan merchants founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony The port town of Boston became the colony’s thriving capital The port town of Boston became the colony’s thriving capital Plymouth colony was eventually incorporated Plymouth colony was eventually incorporated John Winthrop became the leader of the MBC, he believed that the colony should be a moral society model for others to follow John Winthrop became the leader of the MBC, he believed that the colony should be a moral society model for others to follow “We (New England) shall be as a City upon a Hill. The eyes of all people are upon us.” “We (New England) shall be as a City upon a Hill. The eyes of all people are upon us.” The MBC grew quickly, by 1643 there were 16,000 inhabitants The MBC grew quickly, by 1643 there were 16,000 inhabitants

John Winthrop & the MBC

Rhode Island The strict rule of the MBC caused many to leave the colony and settle new towns in other parts of New England The strict rule of the MBC caused many to leave the colony and settle new towns in other parts of New England Rhode Island was founded by Roger Williams Rhode Island was founded by Roger Williams He expressed that English settlers had no rightful claim to the land unless they purchased it from the Native Americans He expressed that English settlers had no rightful claim to the land unless they purchased it from the Native Americans He argued that every person should be free to worship according to his or her conscience He argued that every person should be free to worship according to his or her conscience Rhode Island was founded with the ideas of religious freedom and separation of church and state Rhode Island was founded with the ideas of religious freedom and separation of church and state

Economy of the North Massachusetts: Shipbuilding, shipping, fishing, lumber, rum, & meat products Massachusetts: Shipbuilding, shipping, fishing, lumber, rum, & meat products New Hampshire: Ship masts, lumber, fishing, trade New Hampshire: Ship masts, lumber, fishing, trade Connecticut: Shipping, livestock, foodstuffs Connecticut: Shipping, livestock, foodstuffs Rhode Island: Rum, iron foundries, shipbuilding, snuff & livestock Rhode Island: Rum, iron foundries, shipbuilding, snuff & livestock

Pennsylvania King Charles II, owed money and favors to many people King Charles II, owed money and favors to many people In order to pay them back he established proprietary colonies, or land grants to loyal friends In order to pay them back he established proprietary colonies, or land grants to loyal friends William Penn was awarded land as part of an old debt William Penn was awarded land as part of an old debt He established Pennsylvania as a haven for Quakers He established Pennsylvania as a haven for Quakers Quakers believed in pacifism and tolerance so people of all religions were welcomes Quakers believed in pacifism and tolerance so people of all religions were welcomes Penn also believed in the Native American’s right to land Penn also believed in the Native American’s right to land

New York King Charles also granted land to his brother James the Duke of York King Charles also granted land to his brother James the Duke of York The land had previously been claimed by the Dutch The land had previously been claimed by the Dutch By 1674 the land was firmly in the hands of the English and the colony was renamed New York By 1674 the land was firmly in the hands of the English and the colony was renamed New York The colonist of New York were very diverse having English, Dutch, Scandinavian, German, & French backgrounds The colonist of New York were very diverse having English, Dutch, Scandinavian, German, & French backgrounds

Economy of the Middle Colonies New York: furs, wheat, glass, shoes, livestock, shipping, ship building, rum, beer, snuff New York: furs, wheat, glass, shoes, livestock, shipping, ship building, rum, beer, snuff Delaware: trade, foodstuffs Delaware: trade, foodstuffs New Jersey: trade, foodstuffs, copper New Jersey: trade, foodstuffs, copper Pennsylvania: flax, shipbuilding Pennsylvania: flax, shipbuilding

Virginia In 1607 Jamestown became the first English settlement to survive In 1607 Jamestown became the first English settlement to survive Their economy was largely based on the very profitable tobacco plant Their economy was largely based on the very profitable tobacco plant Indentured servants and African slaves were needed for the very labor intensive harvest of the plant Indentured servants and African slaves were needed for the very labor intensive harvest of the plant By the late 1600s it became more profitable for the tobacco farmers to have only slaves By the late 1600s it became more profitable for the tobacco farmers to have only slaves

Maryland & the Carolinas In 1634 Lord Baltimore established the colony of Maryland as a refuge for English Catholics In 1634 Lord Baltimore established the colony of Maryland as a refuge for English Catholics Catholics were also being persecuted in England for their beliefs Catholics were also being persecuted in England for their beliefs The Carolinas and Georgia also started out as land grants from King Charles II The Carolinas and Georgia also started out as land grants from King Charles II In southern Carolina rich rice plantations grew up along rivers In southern Carolina rich rice plantations grew up along rivers Their economy depended heavily on slave labor Their economy depended heavily on slave labor In northern Carolina mainly had small farmers In northern Carolina mainly had small farmers These differences led to their official separation by the king These differences led to their official separation by the king

Economy of the Southern Colonies Virginia: tobacco, wheat, cattle, iron Maryland: Tobacco, wheat, snuff North Carolina: naval supplies, tobacco, furs South Carolina: rice, indigo, silk Georgia: indigo, rice, naval supplies, lumber