A Dividing Nation History Alive! Chapter 21

Some differences between North and South The North has four seasons and cold winters had business and industry steamboats and lots of railroad lines The South has mild winters, long summers, and lots of rain had agriculture, especially cotton and used slave labor steamboats, but few railroad lines CLIMATE ECONOMY TRANSPORTATION

CONFLICT The North wanted the Tallmadge Amendment added to Missouri’s application for statehood no slavery west of the Mississippi The South wanted Missouri to be allowed to choose to be a slave state all new states to be allowed to decide for slavery or against slavery in the state

COMPROMISE The Missouri Compromise The North accepted Missouri as a slave state The South accepted Maine as a free state AND 36 30 as the future line to divide free states in the North from slave states in the South The Missouri Compromise kept the country together but… The North really wanted NO MORE SLAVERY AT ALL The South really wanted states to be free to decide

CONFLICT Congress created a GAG rule that would keep everyone silent about slavery so that the compromise would hold The Northern abolitionists wanted no slavery in the capital, Washington, D.C. (is not a state) John Quincy Adams proposed that no African Americans born after 1845 would be slaves BUT

CONFLICT Nat Turner and other slaves rebelled Northern abolitionists helped runaway (fugitive) slaves When Pres. Polk wanted money from Congress to pay for a war with Mexico, the Wilmot Proviso said that all land taken from Mexico would become free states California wanted to join union as free state Southern slaveholders made new laws to control slaves and tried to keep abolitionist writing away from slaves Southern slaveholders said people who helped slaves were stealing their property South said that states should decide themselves South said that if California was free, the balance between free and slave states would be lost

COMPROMISE The Compromise of 1850 The North accepted that land taken from Mexico could become slave or free states that slaveholders in Washington D.C. could keep their slaves that there was a stronger Fugitive Slave Law The South accepted California as a free state the end of slave trade in Washington D.C.

CONFLICT Northerners were angered by the Fugitive Slave Law and refused to follow it by the Ostend Manifesto, a message Northerners said showed that President Franklin Pierce wanted to take Cuba from Spain to make it a slave state by the Kansas-Nebraska Act which broke the Missouri Compromise and said these territories could choose to become free or slave states Southern slaveholders were angered by Northerners refusal to return fugitive slaves by the novel about a cruel slave owner, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, which turned more Northerners against slavery

CONFLICT Northerners were upset when slavery supporters in Kansas invaded an abolitionist town, burned down a hotel, threw printing presses in a river, and looted houses Southerners were upset when abolitionist John Brown and others took revenge by raiding a town and killing five slavery supporters

CONFLICT Southerners were upset when Northerner Sumner gave a very harsh speech against Southern congressmen, including the senator who wrote the Kansas-Nebraska Act Northerners were upset when Southerner Preston Brooks attacked Sumner and beat him with a cane so badly that it took him 3 ½ years to recover

CONFLICT The North was upset by the Dred Scott Decision Dred Scott, a slave, said he should be free because he lived in a free state with his master The Supreme Court said he had no legal standing because he was not a citizen and that no African Americans, slave or free, could ever become citizens The Court said the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional because it took away the property rights of slaveholders – and that slavery would be allowed in all of the territories The South was upset When abolitionist John Brown and others tried to steal weapons from an arsenal (in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia) to give to slaves to help them rebel In 1860 when Northerner Abraham Lincoln was elected

CONFLICT The South was upset when The North was upset when Lincoln told a reporter he would: support the Fugitive Slave Law and not interfere with slavery in the South BUT he would NOT support opening new territories to slavery “Let there be no compromise.” The North was upset when South Carolina seceded 6 more Southern states seceded Southerners fired on the U.S. federal Fort Sumter