Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Prepared By: Renee Brokaw University of North Carolina, Charlotte This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; Any rental, lease, or lending of the program. 1

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Unit 1 Principles of Communication 2

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Chapter 4 Understanding Verbal Messages 3

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Communication Principles of a Lifetime 4

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Why Focus on Nonverbal Communication? Nonverbal communication –Communication other than written or spoken language –Creates meaning 5

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Emotional Attitudes Albert Mehrabian 6

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Challenge Question According to Albert Mehrabian, the most significant nonverbal source of emotional information is A.Vocal cues. B.The face. C.Personal space. D.Emblems. 7

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Answer According to Albert Mehrabian, the most significant nonverbal source of emotional information is A.Vocal cues. B.The face. C.Personal space. D.Emblems. 8

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Nonverbal Messages are More Believable VerbalNonverbal Delivering a message claiming you are not upset Quivering voice Shaky knees Flushed face 9

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Computer-Mediated Communication Conveying emotion –:-( Depressed or upset –:-l Indifferent –:-o Surprised –:-D Laughing 10

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Nonverbal Messages are Critical to Successful Relationships William Chaplin’s “handshake index” –Strength –Vigor –Completeness of grip –Duration 11

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Nonverbal Messages Serve Multiple Functions Can substitute for verbal messages Complement verbal messages Regulate our conversation Accent or reinforce verbal message 12

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Nonverbal Communication is Culture- Bound President Bush’s Hook and Horn gesture to motivate team Russian Culture Arrogance European Culture Wards off the “Evil Eye” African Culture Casts a hex or curse on someone Sign Language Culture “Bull….” Mediterranean Culture Your wife is unfaithful 13

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Nonverbal Communication is Rule- Bound Researcher Judee Burgoon –Expectancy Violations Model –Rules dictated by our: Cultural backgrounds Personal experiences Knowledge of others 14

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Nonverbal Messages are Ambiguous Perception checking –Observe nonverbal cues –Interpret nonverbal cues –Ask person being observed their opinion –Seek second opinion 15

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Nonverbal Language is Continuous Constantly changing –Facial expressions –Posture –Hand gestures –Eye contact 16

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Nonverbal Language is Nonlinguistic Body Language by Julius Fast –Nonverbal communication was a language Pattern Grammar 17

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Nonverbal Communication is Multi- channeled Messages registered simultaneously Messages recognized one at a time 18

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Codes of Nonverbal Behavior: Appearance Body size and shape Skin color and texture Hairstyle Clothing –Artifacts Jewelry Tattoos Piercings 19

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Codes of Nonverbal Behavior: Kinesics –Movement –Gesture –Posture 20

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Codes of Nonverbal Behavior: Emblems Nonverbal cue Meaning culturally bound Substitutes for word or phrase 21

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Codes of Nonverbal Behavior: Illustrators Accompanies verbal behavior –Complements –Contradicts –Accents 22

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Codes of Nonverbal Behavior: Affect Displays Face reflects –Kind of emotion Body reflects –How much emotion you are feeling 23

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Codes of Nonverbal Behavior: Regulators Control communication interaction Control communication flow 24

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Codes of Nonverbal Behavior: Adaptors Satisfy a personal need Adapt to the immediate situation Quasi-courtship behavior –Courtship readiness –Preening –Positional cues –Appeals to invitation 25

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Codes of Nonverbal Behavior: Eye Contact More LikelyLess Likely Physically distant Discuss impersonal topics Have no distractions Romantically interested Female Cultural values Physically close Discuss intimate topics Have distractions Not interested or dislike Male Cultural values 26

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Codes of Nonverbal Behavior: Eye Contact John F. Kennedy –Appeared comfortable and confident –Made eye contact Richard Nixon –Darted eyes nervously –Made less eye contact Regarded as shifty, untrustworthy and lacked credibility 27

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Codes of Nonverbal Behavior: Eye Contact Indicators of deception –Rapid eye movement –Diminished eye contact –Rapid blinking 28

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Codes of Nonverbal Behavior: Facial Expressions 250,000 facial expressions Ekman and Friesen’s six primary emotions –Happiness –Sadness –Surprise –Fear –Anger –Disgust or contempt 29

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Codes of Nonverbal Behavior: Touch Study of human touch –Haptics Individual standard of appropriate touching –Touch ethic 30

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Codes of Nonverbal Behavior: The Voice Paralanguage or Vocalics –Pitch, rate, use of silence, volume Back-channel cues –End conversation by lowering pitch and volume –Begin conversation with “I” or “Ah” or “Um” Response latency or response time 31

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Codes of Nonverbal Behavior: Physical Environment Environmental contexts alter behavior Extensions of our personalities 32

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Codes of Nonverbal Behavior: Space CategoryDefinitionDistance Between Individuals Zone 1Intimate Space0 to 1.5 feet Zone 2Personal Space1.5 to 4 feet Zone 3Social Space4 to 12 feet Zone 4Public Space12 to 25 and beyond Proxemics Edward T. Hall’s Classification of Spatial Zones 33

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Edward T. Hall’s Four Zones of Space 34

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Challenge Question According to Edward T. Hall, your personal space zone where most of your conversation with others takes place, is anywhere from A.0 to 1 ½ feet. B.1 ½ to 4 feet. C.4 to 12 feet. D.12 feet on. 35

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Answer According to Edward T. Hall, your personal space zone where most of your conversation with others takes place, is anywhere from A.0 to 1 ½ feet. B.1 ½ to 4 feet. C.4 to 12 feet. D.12 feet on. 36

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Codes of Nonverbal Behavior: Territory Territoriality –Occupancy or ownership of space Territorial markers –Things and actions claiming personal space 37

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Interpreting Nonverbal Behavior: Immediacy Immediacy CuesBehavior Proximity Body orientation Eye contact Facial expressions Gestures Posture Touch Voice Close, forward lean Face-to-face, side-to-side Mutual eye contact Smiling Head nods, movement Arms other-oriented Adapted to Culture/Context Higher pitch, upward pitch 38

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Interpreting Nonverbal Behavior: Arousal Arousal cues –Increased eye contact –Closer conversational distances –Increased touch –Animated vocalics –More direct body orientation 39