Chapter 2 Lesson 4: Competing for Colonies (day 1) Explain the religious rivalry in Europe and how this rivalry continued in the New World. How did this religious conflict impact colonization and competition?

Do Now: Descibe what you think this may be about and who said it: “I know I have the body of a weak, feeble woman; but I have the heart and stomach of a king”

Religious Rivalries As we talked about in 2.3, explorers’ main motivation for exploration was gold (that cheddah) Another motivation however was to spread their Christian faith. Christianity had two branches at the time of exploration. These two branches were rivals.

The Great Schism (split) In 1517, Martin Luther made a list of complaints about abuses of the Catholic Church and NAILED THEM to the door of the cathedral These were known as his 95 Theses (list of complaints) (Video)

Luther ‘s 95 Theses (Complaints): Challenged authority of the Pope (leader of Catholic Church) Wanted to reform the practices of the faith: Forgiveness through “faith alone” not paying of indulgences (video) Why we call this change the REFORMATION (Because he was making reforms)

PROTESTANTISM Look at the root word of Protestantism It is Protest What does it mean to protest? Protesting indulgences / the Pope “I got 95 theses but the Pope ain’t one” (95 complaints about the Church) We also call this change the “Reformation” The root word of Reformation is “Reform” What does it mean to reform?

Christianity: Two Branches Christianity- Split between: Catholic (old)- Spain, Portugal, France Protestant (new)- England and Holland (Dutch) Video The first explorers of the New World were: Spain and Portugal- BOTH WERE CATHOLIC

Conflict in Europe over religion England converted to Protestantism Neighboring Spain had a problem with that In 1585, Spain tried to invade England in order to overthrow Protestantism

Defeat of Spanish Armada Spain sent its “Armada” “Invincible Fleet” Easily the best navy in the world BUT THE SPANISH ARMADA WAS DEFEATED BY ENGLAND. Queen Elizabeth to her troops: “I know I have the body of a weak, feeble woman; but I have the heart and stomach of a king” What do you think this means for England? What results might come about due to this?

Defeat of the Spanish Armada Why this mattered: The defeat of Spain’s powerful navy marked the end of Spanish control of the seas (which was important in establishing and protecting colonies in the New World.) This leveled the playing field for other nations to get into the colony grabbing in the Americas. *This is when England founds its colonies REVIEW: How did the Spanish Armada enable England to create colonies in the New World?

Closure Day 1 Tweet the impact of the defeat of the Spanish Armada #upset Think of another major upset (sports, politics, etc) explain what it’s like to have a major upset

PP 2.4 Competing for Colonies (Day 2) Explain the religious rivalry in Europe and how this rivalry continued in the New World. How did this religious conflict impact colonization and competition?

Human Graph Some cultures are inferior to others

Human Graph Some religious beliefs are less correct than others

Human Graph It’s okay to impose your beliefs on another individual if your beliefs are more civilized (in your opinion)

Spreading Faith Spain and France Tried to spread their Catholic faith among Native Americans England and Holland tried to spread Protestantism to Native Americans Make a prediction: What do you think will happen as a result of Europeans spreading their beliefs to Native Americans? (video)

Competition and Spreading Faiths Observe the map (next slide) and make a prediction as to what you think will happen to the relationship between France and Britain based on their religious difference and their proximity (how close they are.)

Northwest Passage Something else that contributed to competition among these colonies was the race to discover a Northwest Passage Remember, originally, explorers were looking for a quicker route to Asian markets. This was still highly desirable, and so a Northwest Passage was sought after.

Northwest Passage Explorers England John Cabot, 1497 France Giovanni de Verrazano, 1524 (Verrazano Bridge) Explored eastern coast of modern US Jacques Cartier, 1535 Sailed St. Lawrence River (discovered what is now Montreal) The Netherlands (Holland) Henry Hudson, 1609 (river/ bay named after him)

Review: Why did nations want to find a NW passage so badly? Northwest Passage never found

French Colonies Compared to Spanish Spain Catholic Enslaved Nat Ams Farmed/ mined for $$$ Settlements grew quickly France Worked and traded with Nat Ams Mainly traded (furs/ fish) Settlements grew slowly

Create a Venn Diagram Compare and contrast Spanish and French colonies

The Dutch Colonies Protestant Created “Dutch West India Company” to run its trade between Americas and Africa Heart of Dutch colony was “New Amsterdam” Later became New York (later bought by British)

Closure: Review Discussion Which nations were Protestant/ Catholic? Why was the defeat of the Spanish Armada significant for England? How did the French attitude toward the Native Americans differ from that found in the Spanish colonies? How did religious rivalry impact colonization and competition?