A Demographic Profile of California: The Challenge to Equity and TRIO Professionals A Case Study Dr. Howard Wray California State University, Long Beach COE Annual Conference September 2005

Factors Affecting College Enrollment of Underrepresented Students at CSULB Significant increases in underrepresented groups in the California and LA county Shifts in population areas Gaps in educational opportunities between underrepresented and represented groups

Demographics

California

Source: California Department of Education, Educational Demographics Unit CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, LONG BEACH CSULB California’s Population Size CSULB 36.8 million 14 million larger than the next size state (Texas) One of eight Americans calls California home.

California’s Population Growth California’s growth last year was at the slowest pace since the recession of the 1990’s. Nonetheless, the state grew by more than half a million people for the sixth straight year in Past fifty years, population has more than tripled. For the past decade, the number of new Californians each year would be the size of the City of Long Beach (450,000+) By 2020, population is projected to reach million

California’s Population, (in millions) Source: California Department of Finance

California’s Diversity 2000 Population –47% White –33% Hispanic/Latino –11% Asian/Pacific Islander – 7% African American – 3% Other – 5% Multi-Racial (not included in total) Increasingly multi-ethnic Multi-racial/ethnic births is the third largest category in California (17%) following Latinos (42%) and White (20%)

Racial/Ethnic Composition of California Newborns, 1997 Source: California Department of Health Services

Students Enrolled in California K-12 Public Schools, % 11% 8% 34% Source: RAND Education: California’s K-12 Public Schools

The Linguistic Landscape of California’s Schools

Californians by Place of Birth, 1990

California K-12 Percentage of English Learners Source: California Department of Education

Poverty in California

In 1970, 1.9 million people were poor in California. By 2000, the number of poor had more than doubled to 4.37 million. Since 2000, poverty rates in California continue to increase and remain higher than the rest of the nation.

Poverty Rates Adjusted by Housing Costs, California and the Rest of the Nation, Source: Public Policy Institute of California

Poverty and California’s Children The highest in the percentage of children living in poverty… 19% or roughly 1.75 million children. If there were a city containing only California’s poor under the age of 18, it would be the third largest city in the state.

Child Well-Being Children below poverty Children living in high poverty areas Children below poverty Children living in high poverty areas California United States

Ethnic Composition of All California Children and Those Living in Poverty

Regional Poverty Rates in California, 2000 Source: Public Policy Institute of California

Educational Opportunity in California

Of Every 100 White Kindergartners in CA: Source: Oakland Unified School District.

Of Every 100 Asian Kindergartners in CA:

Of Every 100 African American Kindergartners in CA:

Of Every 100 Latino Kindergartners in CA:

First in Population Among States Second in African American Population First in Latino Population: 1 in 3 Latino children in U.S. live in California First in Asian population: 1 in 2 Asian children in the U.S. live in California One of every four Californians is an immigrant Without immigration, California’s population would decline California Demographics

California ranks 50 th among all states in the drop-off between the share of Latinos and African Americans in the 18-year-old population and the share of undergraduate degrees awarded to students in those ethnic groups.

Los Angeles County

Los Angeles County is.. The largest metropolitan area in the nation with over 10 million residents, 3% of the nation. 27% of the population are children and teens under age 18. Over half of residents (56%) speak a language other than English at home. Five of the top ten occupations in the number of new jobs pay less than poverty level wages. One-third of those in poverty are “working poor.”

Los Angeles County Racial/Ethnic Breakdown Source: Lewis Center for Regional and Policy Studies, University of California, Los Angeles

Population of 461,522 within 50 square miles Fifth largest city in California % white Designated as the most diverse major city in the nation –Hispanic/Latino35.8% –White33.1% –African American14.5% –Asian13.2% 70,000 families live at or below poverty Long Beach Demographics

One-third of population speak limited English As many as 65 languages spoken in LB schools Second highest in LA County in hate crimes committed by youth Seventh largest gay/lesbian population in the U.S. Largest Cambodian community outside of Cambodia Fifth largest senior population in the nation Long Beach Demographics (cont.)

California Public High School Graduates Completing All Courses Required for UC and/or CSU Entrance Source: California Department of Education, Educational Demographics Unit CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, LONG BEACH CSULB Tidal Wave II CSULB

Los Angeles/Orange County Public High School Graduates Completing All Courses Required for UC and/or CSU Entrance CSULB Tidal Wave II CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, LONG BEACH Source: California Department of Education, Educational Demographics Unit CSULB

Tidal Wave II: CSU Enrollment Projections 37% increase by 2010 Source: National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education CSULB CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, LONG BEACH CSULB Tidal Wave II CSULB

Falling Short: If current trends continue, California’s workforce in 2020 may require more highly educated workers than the state can provide. Source: Public Policy Institute of Calif.

Why? The best-educated Californians will be amongst the oldest, as baby boomers head to retirement. The greatest growth in the state will be among Latinos, who tend to be concentrated at younger ages and tend to have low levels of educational attainment.

California State University, Long Beach The Big Challenge

Competitive Admissions Started in 2002 to decrease enrollment by establishing higher admission criteria than the CSU index.

TRIO Concerns What impact would competitive admissions have on: –Low-income students –First-generation college students –Underrepresented students

6-Year Graduation Rates SSS Eligible Students26% CSULB44% SSS Participants55%

TRIO and Equity Request Representation on the Presidential Advisory Group Inform schools, students, parents, and boarder community regarding policy changes Admit target school students using the local CSU index Establish Alternative Admissions criteria

Alternate Admissions Started in 2003 Designed to provide admission consideration to CSU eligible applicants based on economic or educational disadvantage. Target schools from the extended area.

Preliminary Results Decrease in FTF Admitted Alternative Admission Students Increase in Latino Enrollment Increase in Low-income students Increase in First-generation college students Decrease in African American Enrollment

CSULB First-Time Freshmen Enrollments CSULB Headcount Enrollment CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, LONG BEACH CSULB Enrollment Trends CSULB

Alternative Admissions Fall 2003 Admitted 175Enrolled75 Fall 2004 Admitted175Enrolled 119 Fall 2005 Admitted 175Enrolled (No Data)

Latino Enrollment CSULB % % %Competitive Admissions % %

First Generation College Students Percent Freshmen 2002 Percent Freshment %25%

Low Income Percent Freshmen 2002 Percent Freshmen %21%

African American Enrollment CSULB % % % Year of Competitive Admissions % %

The class remains ethnically diverse: 33% White, 23% Latino, 21% Asian/PI, 5.8% Black, 17.2% Other The percentage of low-income students increased to 24%. The percentage of first generation college students increased to 25%. The percentage of Latino students increased to 23% CSULB 2004 Freshman Class Profile

Affirming Equity and Opportunity at CSULB Affirming the importance of access and opportunity Reaffirming an equity agenda Affirming our role as advocates and change agents