Europeans in Asia: Mr. Roseman Tasks for you to complete: 1.Read through the PowerPoint. Generally, it follows the text for the first half of Chapter 22. If you need further clarification, check out the reading on pages as you go through the PowerPoint. 2.On the next slide, is a link to a “Crash Course” video on the Indian Ocean Trade network during the POST-CLASSICAL ERA. Please watch this video review before moving on to the rest of the PowerPoint. 3.On the last 2 slides of this PowerPoint are 4 questions dealing with “Christian Outreach in the Indian Ocean World” and then 4 more questions on “Early Impacts of Europeans on the Indian Ocean World by 1700”. Use the given textbook pages listed on those two slides to answer these questions completely on a separate sheet of notebook paper. These will be due on Monday.

Crash Course World History: Please watch this video review of the Indian Ocean Trade Network in the Post-Classical Era! Please watch this video review of the Indian Ocean Trade Network in the Post-Classical Era! Hang on! He goes quickly! Hang on! He goes quickly! Click here for the video link. Click here for the video link.here If the link does not open, go to YouTube and search for “Crash Course, Int’l Trade, Snorkeling Camels, and the Indian Ocean Trade” If the link does not open, go to YouTube and search for “Crash Course, Int’l Trade, Snorkeling Camels, and the Indian Ocean Trade”

Q: What was the nature of Indian Ocean trade c1500? (What was the Indian Ocean trade network like at the time Western Europeans first arrived?) Arab zone Indian zone Chinese zone Slaves Gold Ivory Carpets Textiles Horses Cotton textiles Gems Salts Spices Silk Porcelain Spices Silver Ormuz Malacca = chokepoint for trade

Vast trade network Vast trade network –3 zones: Arab, Indian, Chinese –Unique goods exported coastal routes coastal routes “choke points” “choke points” Muslims most common Muslims most common Muslims & Asian powers divided Muslims & Asian powers divided no central control no central control peaceful trade peaceful trade Europeans begin involvement Europeans begin involvement –Portuguese 1 st –Vasco da Gama to Calicut, India: 1498 Q: What was the nature of Indian Ocean trade at the time W.Europeans first arrived there? Arab dhow on the Indian Ocean

Calicut Europeans access the Indian Ocean Trade Network India has: -Fair trade -Cotton textiles -Gems -Salts -Spices Portugal has: -Little wealth in comparison -mercantilist economic policy “Do you want our iron pots?!” Europeans ask themselves: “How can we gain consistent access to Asian goods in a way that benefits us?” We’ll use Force!

Indian Ocean Trade Network: Europeans try to consolidate their power For the Portuguese: mercantilist policy dominates mercantilist policy dominates seek spice trade monopoly seek spice trade monopoly –Try to control entire Indian O. trade network royal control of Portuguese trade royal control of Portuguese trade superior fire-power superior fire-power –defeat Asian navies (ex. Ottomans) Christian mission Christian mission –esp. Catholics (Jesuits) seize choke points seize choke points –Goa (India), Malacca (Malaysia) forts & warehouses (factories) forts & warehouses (factories) tribute system tribute system

Portugal lost its Early Advantage… Portuguese weaknesses Portuguese weaknesses exploited by Dutch & English –What were these weaknesses? Portuguese were too few in # to control trade Portuguese were too few in # to control trade Impossible to control all Asian merchants in Indian O. Impossible to control all Asian merchants in Indian O. Dutch – Dutch East Indies Co. Dutch – Dutch East Indies Co. –focus on East Indies (Spice Islands, Indonesia) captured Malacca captured Malacca established. Batavia on Java established. Batavia on Java –more realistic monopoly goals –Integrate into pre-existing trade network (transport goods for Asians + ship goods to Europe)  $$$ English – British East India Co. English – British East India Co. –focus on India –India later becomes “jewel” in the crown of the British Empire

Ceylon (Sri Lanka) Java (Indonesia) Key Commodities for Export to Europe

Batavia in the 17 th Century -new capital of the Dutch East Indies (modern-day Jakarta, Indonesia)

European strength was limited in the Indian Ocean Trade Network Control sea & coastline and… Control sea & coastline and… only Some degree of dominance over locals… only Some degree of dominance over locals… –Dutch on Java (Treaty of Gijanti, 1757) –Spanish in Northern Philippines –tribute systems w/limited authority..but Europeans not far inland elsewhere..but Europeans not far inland elsewhere –Why? Europeans became subjects of most foreign Asian powers Europeans became subjects of most foreign Asian powers –ex. Ming China & Japan

Christian outreach in the Indian Ocean World 1. Which Christian denomination was strongest in Asian missionary activity? 2. Why was it difficult to win converts to Christianity in areas such as India, Indonesia, & areas of the Philippines? 3. What strategies were practiced to win converts? 4. How successful were these missionaries? Francis Xavier Matteo Ricci Use the reading on pages to help you answer these questions.

Early Impacts of Europeans in the Indian Ocean World by To what degree did Europeans impact South & Southeast Asia? 6. What became this area’s major commercial centers after European arrival to the Indian Ocean? 7. Which had greater impact: Columbian Exchange or changes that came with European involvement in the Indian Ocean trade network? 8. In general, how impressed were Asians by the Europeans? Use the reading on page 502 to help you answer these questions.