Europe

Greece Not a unified nation Collection of City-states: A city with surrounding villages, farms and countryside with it’s own government Athens and Sparta

Athens Practiced democracy- a system of government in which people make decisions by voting

Sparta Had a king, and a very strict society with levels First full time military society

Kings and priests (ephors) Peers (Homoioi) Farmers and craftsmen (Hoi polloi) Slaves (Helotoi)

Alexander the Great Macedonian king who creates one of the largest empires in world history Never lost a battle Dies at 32 in 323BC

Rome Began as a republic Laws were made by a Senate and an elected leader Republic- a system of government in which the people elect leaders to create laws

Julius Caesar Seizes power and is assassinated by the Senate in 44 BC Rome will still be an empire for the next 400 years

Medevial Times AD

Big open cities are replaced with small towns surrounded by walls Protection from Vikings Magyars

Feudalism KingsLordsKnightsPeasant farmers TAXESTAXES PROTECTIONPROTECTION

Famous Kings Charlemagne Unites several kingdoms together in the 8 th century First European emperor after the Roman Empire William the Conqueror Norman prince who conquers England in 1066 AD

The Crusades A series of wars to take control of the Holy Land from the Muslims From 1095 to the 1300’s 5 major crusades, there was even a childrens crusade

Impacts of the Crusades Trade with Asia New Architecture (Gothic) Knowledge of new lands

The Renaissance ’s

Means “rebirth” Classical cultures + modern ideas

Art and Artists Leonardo Da Vinci- the Mona Lisa Inventor/Scientist/Engineer

Michaelangelo Bounorotti- Sculptor/Painter The Pieta David The Sistine Chapel

Raphael The School of Athens

Scientists and Inventions Copernicus Heliocentric model of the solar system Galileo Invented the telescope Backed up what Copernicus said

Johann Gutenberg Creates a printing press, making the creation of books much faster

The printing press means that more people have access to ideas (especially the Bible) New ideas lead to new churches, known as the Protestant Reformation

World War II

Allies vs. Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan

The Price of World War II 50 to 70 million dead 418,500 Americans

The Nuremberg Trials High ranking Nazis that survived the war stand trial at Nuremberg They have a lot to answer for The Holocaust- Planned genocide by the Nazis to exterminate Jews, Gypsies, and other “undesirables”

The Yalta Conference Meeting between the U.S., Soviet Union, and Great Britain to decide the future of the world after the war Germany will be divided after the Nazis are defeated So will Berlin

After the War, Western Europe will be rebuilt through the Marshall Plan- a plan giving 17 billion dollars to damaged countries. That’s 160 billion today

The Cold War The Soviet Union was our ally during World War II, but things have changed The Soviets practice COMMUNISM- a system of government in which all property and means of production belong to the “people” (government)

Countries in Eastern Europe are in Russia’s shadow, and we are afraid that the Russians will grow too powerful These countries become communist nations supported by Russia

Berlin The Russians try to choke off Berlin to get us to leave the city We come up with the Berlin Airlift

NATO vs. WARSAW Our allies become known as NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization Russia (now called the Soviet Union) and their friends are called WARSAW

This will be a war of spies, satellite nations, and threats

Cuba Fidel Castro takes power in Cuba, making it a Communist country only 90 miles from the U.S. He becomes an ally to Russia, and an enemy of the U.S.

3 years later… 1962… The Soviet Union (Russia) delivers nuclear bombs to Cuba This becomes known as the Cuban missile crisis

Berlin Wall