Crusades 14.1

How the Crusades got started: In 1093, the Byzantine Emperor __________________________ sent an appeal to Robert, Count of Flanders asking for help against the ________________________. They were threatening to conquer his capital, ______________________.

How the Crusades got started: Pope __________________ also read the letter. He issued a call for what he termed a “_______________”, a ________________, to gain control of the ______________________.

How the Crusades got started: The Crusades had economic, ________________, & political goals as well as _________________ motives.

How the Crusades got started: What area did the Muslims control? –Palestine {Holy Lands} What city were they threatening? –Constantinople

How the Crusades got started: Who asked the Christians to come fight against the Muslims? –Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus.

How the Crusades got started: What was the Pope’s goal? –Wanted to reclaim Palestine & reunite Christendom.

How the Crusades got started: Who saw the Crusades as an opportunity to get rid of quarrelsome knights who fought each other? –Kings & the Church. –These knights threatened the peace of the kingdoms, as well as Church property.

How the Crusades got started: Who participated in the Crusades? –Younger sons!!! They weren’t going to inherit anything from their fathers!!! What were they looking for? –They were looking for land and a position in society & TREASURES!!!!

How the Crusades got started: How did some merchants profit off the Crusades? –They gave cash loans to finance the Crusaders journey. Hoped to get big treasures in return!!!

When?Why? What happened? Successful?Outcome. 1097To reclaim the Holy Lands from the Muslims. They were not prepared to fight in the extreme climate & harsh geography. Only ¼ of the original army made it to the Holy Lands {12,000 soldiers}. YES!!! : Crusaders captured Jerusalem. Won a narrow strip of land from Edessa to Jerusalem. Split the territory into 4 Crusader states ruled by Feudal Lords.

When?Why? What happened? Successful?Outcome. 1144Edessa was reconquered by the Turks. Organized troops to recapture Edessa. NO!!!! Gained Nothing!!!!

When?Why? What happened? Successful?Outcome Jerusalem had fallen to Muslim leader Saladin. Crusaders led by Philip II of France, Frederick I of Germany, & Richard the Lion- Hearted of England. Philip went home, Frederick drowned, so Richard was left alone to fight against Saladin. TRUCE!!!Richard agreed to let Jerusalem stay under Muslim control, if Saladin agreed to allow unarmed Christian pilgrims the freedom to visit Jerusalem’s holy places.

When?Why? What happened? Successful ? Outcome Goal was to recapture Jerusalem. NO!!!Knights did not reach the Holy Land.... They ended up looting the city of Constantinople.

When?Why? What happened? Successful ? Outcome. In the 1200’s. Goal was to recapture Jerusalem {Holy Lands} NO!!!The religious spirit of the 1 st Crusade faded, and the search for personal gain grew.

When?Why? What happened? Successful ? Outcome Goal was to conquer Jerusalem. There were 2: France {30,000} Germany {20,000} Thousands died in the cold Alps. The Pope told them to go home!! Only 2,000 survived. NO!!!Many young lives lost.

Spanish Crusade Who controlled Spain until the 1100’s? –Muslims {AKA Moors}.

Spanish Crusade What is the Reconquista? –The long effort by the Spanish to drive the Muslims out of Spain.

How the Crusades got started: By the 1400s, the Muslims held only the tiny kingdom of ________________. In 1492, it finally fell to the Christian army of _______________ & _____________, the Spanish monarchs.

Spanish Crusade What did Isabella & Ferdinand use to unify Spain under Christianity & to increase their power? –The Inquisition.

Explain the Inquisition: A court held by the church to suppress heresy. –Heretics were people whose religious beliefs were different from Christianity. Many Jews & Muslims in Spain converted to Christianity during the late 1400s. If you were suspected of being a heretic then you were questioned for weeks and even tortured. –If found guilty you were burned at the stake.

Inquisition: Why did many Spanish people of other faiths convert to Christianity? 1492: Monarchs expelled all practicing Jews & Muslims from Spain.