Catherine H. Candee Director, Publishing and Strategic Initiatives California Digital Library Scholarly Publishing at University of California ———— An Update for User’s Council

Overview ► Change afoot/impact on UC/steps taken ► Why we went in this direction ► Successes ► Challenges ► Predictions on evolution of market ► Advice to information providers

Brief History of CDL Publishing ► Economics and technology intersected in the mid-1990s to provide the perfect crisis/opportunity ► CDL opened 1999; eScholarship Program launched 2000 ► eScholarship Repository launched 2003; today 200 UC depts. contributing more than 16,000 papers, books, articles, etc; 5.2 million full-text downloads ► eScholarship Editions: 2,000 XML Scholarly monographs from University of California Press ► CDL-UC Press partnership extends to monographic series, digital critical editions, interactive Web based publications

eScholarship Services ► Provide low-cost alternative publishing services for the UC community ► Support widespread distribution of the materials that result from research & teaching ► Foster new models of scholarly publishing through the development and application of advanced technologies

Dark and Stormy Night ► Economics of scholarly publishing have become increasingly troublesome for both nonprofit producers and consumers; libraries continue to buy shrinking percentage of output ► New technologies offer possibilities for innovative and more cost-effective publishing ► Pressures and opportunities create new challenges for UC services in support of research & teaching ► Experiments with new forms of publication have extended as far as existing organizational structures (UC Press and CDL) and budgets will allow

Guiding Principles ► To remain competitive the university must provide a research infrastructure for its faculty that will ensure productivity and stimulate innovation in all aspects of the research, teaching and learning cycle ► Publishing must be conceived more broadly than the production of an archival record; it is an integral part of the research enterprise ► Publishing must embrace a suite of production and dissemination activities, some of which will be revenue generating ► Publishing must enable faculty to create and distribute works via the most appropriate means

Early research confirming what we already knew ► An enormous amount of publishing activity, both system-wide and campus-based ► Much of it is informal, e.g. working papers, much of it is digital, and much of it hard to find ► Surprising amount of formal publishing activity on campuses, in ORUs and UCOP departments ► Faculty make a distinction between in-process scholarly communication and formal, archival publication (ref to Harley, King) ► There is still considerable resistance to the use of alternative formats for “archival publication” because of tenure concerns ► Growing percentage of UC faculty are desperate for university support for creating, validating, publishing, recognizing their new scholarly communication activities

UC Strategy ► Align UC publishing services with the academic enterprise of the University of California ► Broaden the role of the university press beyond gatekeeper for a select few; reclaim and extend the original role of the university press ► Coordinate planning across the UC system, find intersections in IT planning, digital stewardship, research data support, publishing and preservation ► Develop publishing services to be interoperable with services for research and supplementary data

UC Publishing ► Extend repository-based services to support the implementation of UC policy on faculty copyright ► Formalize a collaboratory structure for UC Press and CDL’s eScholarship Office to focus efforts in strategic publishing initiatives ► Provide a more robust journal publication service: offer a menu of choices for editorial assistance, production quality, print and access options ► Implement cost-recovery mechanisms; secure open access options ► Seek efficiencies across traditional publishing modalities, e.g., books and journals; invest savings in R&D for emerging publishing modalities

UC Publishing Services ► Traditional Scholarly Publishing Services  Scholarly monographs  Peer-reviewed journals ► Dissemination & Repository Services  Working papers, technical reports, etc.  Electronic Theses & Dissertations  Postprint Repository ► New Publishing Models  Distributed Editorial Boards  Digital Critical Editions  Interactive map-based publications in soc sciences & humanities  Science reference/collaboration with museums

Some Implications of University- Based Publishing ► Increasing amount of content disseminated within the university = Multiple copies of many works ► Imperfect methods for resolving appropriate copy ► Google, et al, not reliable for access to deep Web, for precision searching, for appropriate copy ID ► Opportunity for commercial A&I services to provide integrated access across gated and open access content, “improve” on Google, rather than compete for content

Thank you!