The Thirteen Levels of Biological Organization THE SPECTRUM OF LIFE Harold Moore and John Oarlock Illinois State University.

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Presentation transcript:

The Thirteen Levels of Biological Organization THE SPECTRUM OF LIFE Harold Moore and John Oarlock Illinois State University

1st Level- Subatomic Electrons Protons Neutrons involved in Energy transformations, Radioactivity, subatomic reactions and particle formation

2nd Level- Atomic Hydrogen Carbon Oxygen Iron etc. Are The basic building blocks of all matter, living and non-living

3rd Level- Molecular Acids, Salts Hydrocarbons Alcohols, Amino acids Formation of molecules from component atoms and molecular fragments

4th Level.-Macromolecular- Molecular Systems Starch, Proteins Nucleic acids Mixtures: solutions, Suspensions, colloids involved in Enzyme action, Replication, Crystal formation, Molecular aggregation.

5th Level - Subcellular Cell Membrane Mitochondrion Nucleus Plastid involved in Transfer of materials across membranes, Individual metabolic functions: photosynthesis, oxidation, syntheses of all types

6th Level- Cellular Nerve cell Muscle cell Epidermal cell Meristematic cell Phloem cell Protist types Involved in All life functions

7th Level - Tissue Nerve tissue Muscle tissue Epidermis Meristem Phloem Involved in Specialization in performance of one function for the benefit of entire organism

8th Level - Organ Root Stem Stomach Liver Testis Eye Specialization in performance of one more functions for benefit of entire organism

9th Level - Organ System Root system Leaf system Circulatory system Nervous system Specialization in performance of one or more functions for the benefit of entire organism

10th Level – Multicellular Organisms Mushroom Insect jellyfish Integration of all life activities in a single specialized unit.

11th Level – Community Pond community, Coral reef, Rotting log community, Rocky ledge community forming a Balanced interaction of the organisms and the environments in a specific area.

12th Level – Biome Tropical Forest, Temperate Forest, Coniferous Forest, Grassland, Desert, Tundra, Marine The operation of each major life zone covers a large area of the earth

13th Level – Terrome Life of the earth The balanced relationship of life, matter and energy over the entire earth

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