The Thirteen English Colonies New England Colonies Middle Colonies Southern Colonies

Why colonize the New World? Opportunities to make a living Opportunities to make a living Religious freedom Religious freedom Avoid tyranny Avoid tyranny Climate favorable to Englishmen Climate favorable to Englishmen

How will the colonies be financed (paid for) and organized? Joint stock company – formed by a group of wealthy businessmen who apply to the King for a charter to settle a colony. (Jamestown, Massachusetts Bay) Joint stock company – formed by a group of wealthy businessmen who apply to the King for a charter to settle a colony. (Jamestown, Massachusetts Bay) Proprietary colony – The king gives land to a loyal subject or friend to start a colony (Pennsylvania, North Carolina) Proprietary colony – The king gives land to a loyal subject or friend to start a colony (Pennsylvania, North Carolina) Royal colony – the king appoints a governor who controls the colony for him. (all colonies would become royal colonies by the start of the revolution) Royal colony – the king appoints a governor who controls the colony for him. (all colonies would become royal colonies by the start of the revolution)

New England Colonies Massachusetts (1620) Massachusetts (1620) Rhode Island (1636) Rhode Island (1636) Connecticut (1636) Connecticut (1636) New Hampshire (1638) New Hampshire (1638)

New England Colonies ColonyDateFounderReasonsImportance Plymouth MA Bay MA PilgrimsPuritans Religious freedom Religious freedom (City on a Hill) Mayflower Compact Representativ e govt.- General Court New Hampshire 1623 John Mason, Sir F. Gorges Religion, profit from trade and fishing MA colonists moved in area Connecticut1636 Thomas Hooker Religion & political freedom limited govt. Fundamental Orders of CT Rhode Island 1636 Roger Williams Religious tolerance Separates church and state

New England The New England colonies based their economy mostly on trade and shipping. It was also supported by fishing, lumber, manufacturing, and some agriculture. The New England colonies based their economy mostly on trade and shipping. It was also supported by fishing, lumber, manufacturing, and some agriculture. The New England area was covered with forest, the soil was thin and rocky. The area has long, cold winters and short growing seasons. The New England area was covered with forest, the soil was thin and rocky. The area has long, cold winters and short growing seasons.

The Middle Colonies New York (1626) New York (1626) Delaware (1638) Delaware (1638) New Jersey (1664) New Jersey (1664) Pennsylvania (1682) Pennsylvania (1682)

Middle Colonies Colony Dat e FounderReasonImportance New Netherlands New York Dutch Duke of York Trade, religious freedom Trade Diverse population Delaware SwedesEnglish W Penn Trade Seized by rival Known as lower counties Provide PN a coastline New Jersey 1664 Lord Berkeley, Sir Carteret Trade, religious and political freedom Religion and assembly rights Pennsylvania1682 W Penn Religious and political freedom Diverse population

Middle Colonies The economy of the Middle Colonies was a mixture of agriculture and commerce – they were the middle man between the Southern and New England colonies. They became known as the “Bread Basket” colonies The economy of the Middle Colonies was a mixture of agriculture and commerce – they were the middle man between the Southern and New England colonies. They became known as the “Bread Basket” colonies The Middle Colonies has fertile soil, temperate climate with longer growing seasons The Middle Colonies has fertile soil, temperate climate with longer growing seasons Results-some large estates; large family farms with indentured servants, little slavery except in Delaware’s tobacco plantations. Results-some large estates; large family farms with indentured servants, little slavery except in Delaware’s tobacco plantations.

Southern Colonies Virginia (Jamestown – 1607) Virginia (Jamestown – 1607) Maryland (1633) Maryland (1633) North Carolina (1653) North Carolina (1653) South Carolina (1663) South Carolina (1663) Georgia (1732) Georgia (1732)

Southern Colonies ColonyDateFounderReasonImportance JamestownVirginia VA Co of London Trade, farming, land, money Rolfe-tobacco House of Burgesses (1 st Representative Assembly in North America) Maryland1632 Lord Baltimore Religious and political freedom Elected assembly; Act of Toleration Carolinas N Carolina S Carolina Eight Proprietors Royal colony Trade, farming religion African slaves Representative assemblies Georgia1732 James Oglethorpe Haven for prisoners and debtors; buffer for Spanish FL Slavery and plantations

Southern Colonies The Southern Colonies’ economy was based on the sale of crops to the other colonies and England. The Southern Colonies’ economy was based on the sale of crops to the other colonies and England. Fertile soil; mild winters with long growing season; lots of waterways for transportation Fertile soil; mild winters with long growing season; lots of waterways for transportation Most farms were small and worked by families; plantations with hundreds of slaves Most farms were small and worked by families; plantations with hundreds of slaves

Triangular Trade The colonies engaged in a trading system called “Triangular Trade.”

The Middle Passage A particularly harsh part of the slaves experience, the middle passage was the voyage across the Atlantic Ocean on a slave ship. This led to African Diaspora. A particularly harsh part of the slaves experience, the middle passage was the voyage across the Atlantic Ocean on a slave ship. This led to African Diaspora.

Political life in colonial North America Political life in the colonies was based on self-government in England (Parliament) Political life in the colonies was based on self-government in England (Parliament) Town meetings, where people met to discuss and vote on local matters, were an important part of the democratic process (direct democracy). Town meetings, where people met to discuss and vote on local matters, were an important part of the democratic process (direct democracy). The colonial governor was usually appointed by the king. The colonial governor was usually appointed by the king.