Colony Review The Thirteen English Colonies

Virginia  Founding of Jamestown (1607) Joint-stock London Company Charter from King James I Too many “gentlemen” John Smith takes charge New settlers reinforce in 1610

Virginia  Tobacco Cultivation John Rolfe cultivates West Indies species in Virginia  good cash crop Virginia Company grants 50 acres to each new settler

Virginia  Survival Assured Virginia company goes bankrupt 1200 settlers in 1624, becomes a royal colony

Massachusetts  Plymouth (1620) Protestant pilgrims, persecuted by Anglicans, sail for new world on Mayflower Blown off course, land at Plymouth William Bradford leads colony to survival, with help of natives Later absorbed by Massachusetts Bay Colony

Massachusetts  Massachusetts Bay (1630) Puritans organized by Massachusetts Bay Company, gain charter from Charles I Led by John Winthrop, 1000 settle in Massachusetts, mostly at Salem, Cambridge, Boston Puritans continue to move there, 20,000 strong by 1640 Colonial government pro-puritan, anti-dissent

Rhode Island (1636)  Roger Williams, Salem minister, challenges Puritan rule  Expelled in 1635, founds Providence, Rhode Island  Anne Hutchinson goes to Rhode Island  1644 government permits religious freedom, separation of church and state

Connecticut (1636)  Thomas Hooker, Cambridge pastor, led congregation to settle Hartford, Connecticut; not religious dissenters, wanted better lands  Received a royal charter 1662

New Hampshire (1638)  Settled by Massachusetts colonists leaving for political, religious, economic reasons  Under control of Massachusetts but gained royal charter in 1679

Maryland (1638)  George Calvert, first Lord Baltimore, a Catholic convert, gained a grant to settle here  Called a propriety colony, as it belongs to an owner  Calverts’ son brought first settlers there in 1634  Freedom of religion  Catholics & Protestants  Tobacco farmers

The Carolinas (1663)  Propriety colonies  North settled by Virginians  South settled by other Brits and Europeans  Raised rice, indigo, tar & pitch, traded furs  Settlers opposed propriety, gained royal charters

New York (1664)  English seize New Netherland, King Charles assigns it to James, the Duke of York  Renamed New York, Dutch retain land, language, rights, legislative assembly  Becomes royal colony when James becomes king 1685

New Jersey (1664)  James granted area between Hudson &Delaware Rivers to friends Lord John Berkeley & Sir George Carteret  Already had some Dutch and Swedish settlements  Propriety sold to Quakers, but later became royal colony 1702

Pennsylvania (1681)  William Penn received charter in return for debt owed him by Charles II  Penn founds it for business and place for Society of Friends Quakers – no formal organization, humility, hard work, charity, brotherly love (  Philadelphia), pacifists

Pennsylvania (1681)  Religious freedom, popularly elected legislature, fertile land, fair treatment of natives  Attracted many British, German and Swiss Quakers, Mennonites, Amish

Delaware (1682)  William Penn received grant to Delaware, but Swedish and Dutch already there wanted self rule  Penn grants them own assembly

Georgia (1732)  Philanthropist James Oglethorpe secures charter from George II  Outpost against Spanish Florida & home to debtors  Developed large plantations employing slave labor  Became royal colony 1752