Commercial Opportunity Summary Laser Spark Ignition System Dustin L. McIntyre, PhD, PE Mechanical Engineer November 6, 2013 the ENERGY lab

Summary – Large Bore Stationary Natural Gas Engine Ignition Improvement Elimination of electrode wear Lean burn limit extension Thermal efficiency improvement Ignitability improvement – Market OEM Engine Mfg., Retrofit Engine Mfg., Engine owners/operators – Development Stage Laboratory Investigations Prototype design phase Full system integration Funding – DOE Advanced Reciprocating Engine Systems Program Strength of the team – Optical and laser design experts Dr.s Woodruff and McIntyre USDOE The Technology Summary Commercial Opportunity Summary

What is it? – Miniaturized laser system that makes sparks without electrodes Why is this a game-changing technology/process? – Elimination of electrode wear – Reduction of down time costs for maintenance – Spark can be placed anywhere in the combustion chamber – Engine Efficiency improvement and NO x reduction What situation (“pain”) will you solve/exploit? – Reduce maintenance costs and improve efficiency of system Why does the situation exist? – Century’s old electrode based spark plug is cheap ($ each for this application) Technology Proposition Commercial Opportunity Summary

The Competition Commercial Opportunity Summary Carinthian Tech Research – Single cylinder, liquid cooled, side pumped Princeton Optronics – VCSEL pumps at each cylinder (~$5k each) Colorado State University – High energy delivery through special hollow fibers Argonne National Lab – High energy delivery with mirrors Other laser manufacturers – Volume not high enough

Customers would include: OEM Engine Mfg., Retrofit Engine Mfg., Engine owners/operators Adoption drivers – Electrical spark plug replacement cost and downtime – Capital cost reduction (key components) Key tests and trials – Device proof of concept completed – System design and integration underway Estimated price of product/COGS – Will depend on number of cylinders – 8 cylinder unit system approx. $35k Intellectual property status – US Patent “Laser spark distribution and ignition system” – 12N-03, S-130,175 “Laser interlock system" - Application filed Sept – 13N-10, S-134,514, “Laser ignition device for improving lean burn ignitability and combustion stability" - Filing in process Licensing/CRADA – Currently looking for development and/or commercialization partners The Commercialization Plan Commercial Opportunity Summary

System in Operation Natural Gas Lean Burn Naturally Aspirated Operating at 1800 rpm Laser Pump Power 240 Watts Laser Peak Power 3.2 MWatts Fused Silica Window Lens Focal Intensity 225 GW/cm 2

Thank You Recap: Natural gas engines: Efficiency enhancement and spark plug durability OEM Engine Mfg., Retrofit Engine Mfg., Engine owners/operators One patent, patent application filed July 2013, one application in progress Proof of concept complete, entering system integration phase Looking for development partners for licensing and/or CRADA Opportunity Summary Commercial Opportunity Summary