EDE A EDEA Compass Diagnostic guide for EDEA testers 1

Menu EDEA Compass Diagnostic Flow Charts Basic Theory How to use the Program Please select an option 2

Right clicking the Left arrow icon takes you back to last screen viewed. Right clicking the Right arrow icon takes you to the next screen. Right clicking the Home icon takes you back to last menu viewed. Right clicking the Yes icon guides you through the flow chart. Right clicking the No icon guides you through the flow chart. Right clicking the Help icon provides information about the test procedure. Right clicking the Picture icon displays a picture of the subject under discussion. Right clicking the Video icon plays a video of the subject under discussion.. How to use the program 3 Right clicking the Toolbox icon demonstrates a testing procedure..

Not starting Poor Idle Power Loss Misfire Cutting out Diagnostic Flow Chart Menu Click on the heading which best describes the vehicles symptoms 4

Does the vehicle have spark at the plugs? No Start 5

Always test for initial spark loss just prior to the spark plug. The reason for testing for spark at this point is that if spark is tested further “upstream” and there is a good spark, the technician may incorrectly assume that the vehicle has spark when it fact it may not have spark further down the ignition system closer to the spark plugs. So to avoid confusion always make initial checks at this end of the ignition system. No Start 6 Disconnect from spark plug and test for spark here Connect this side of the spark tester to ground. Ignition lead

Testing for spark using the EDEA spark tester 7 Connect this side of the spark tester to ground. Use the spark tester provided in the EDEA tester kit For an to avoid misdiagnosis test for spark at the last point of the ignition system prior to the spark plugs. If the system has ignition leads test at the lead end that connects to the spark plugs. Testing for spark further up the ignition system may give misleading results leading to lost time. Distributor ignition system Coil over plug (COP) ignition system Coil pack or distributor less ignition system Disconnect from spark plug and test for spark here

Vehicle has no spark at the plugs. What type of ignition system does the vehicle have? Coil Over Plug Coil Pack Distributer No Start 8

Identify the ignition system 99 Use the spark tester provided in the EDEA tester kit For an to avoid misdiagnosis test for spark at the last point of the ignition system prior to the spark plugs. If the system has ignition leads test at the lead end that connects to the spark plugs. Testing for spark further up the ignition system may give misleading results leading to lost time. Distributor ignition system Coil over plug (COP) ignition system Coil pack or distributor less ignition system

Vehicle has no spark at the plugs. The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system Is there battery voltage at the coil over plug connector plug when disconnected? No Start 10 Why disconnect the plug terminal when testing battery voltage.

Why disconnect the connector plug when measuring for voltage at the ignition coil 11 Why disconnect the connector plug when testing battery voltage.

Test for battery voltage at the coil with the plug terminal disconected 12 1 The EDEA ignition tester is able to measure voltages from 0 to 15 Volts in one Volt increments with an accuracy of 0.5 volts. The voltmeter has a capture mode that can be configured to detect unwanted drops or rises in voltage. When the tester is in capture mode and an event is detected, the tester will count and record the amount of times the event occurs. To use the voltmeter function of the EDEA tester connect the red test lead to the top of the EDEA tester. For more information refer to the Instructional CD ROM. Main menu / Extra testing procedures / Voltmeter 2 Only the LED’s in the SPEED panel are used to display voltage.

Vehicle has no spark at the plugs. The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system There is battery voltage at the coil over plug terminal with the plug disconected Is the coil receiving a switching signal? No Start 13

Vehicle has no spark at the plugs. The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system There is battery voltage at the coil over plug terminal with the plug disconnected The coil is receiving a switching signal Does the coil have a good ground connection? No Start 14

Vehicle has no spark at the plugs. The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system There is battery voltage at the coil over plug terminal with the plug disconected The coil is not receiving a switching signal Is there battery voltage at the injector connector plug, with plug removed plug from the injector? No Start 15 Why disconnect the connector plug when testing battery voltage.

Why disconnect the injector connector plug when testing for voltage 16 Why disconnect the connector plug when testing battery voltage.

Test for battery voltage at the injector with the plug connector disconnected Only the LED’s in the SPEED panel are used to display voltage. The EDEA ignition tester is able to measure voltages from 0 to 15 Volts in one Volt increments with an accuracy of 0.5 volts. The voltmeter has a capture mode that can be configured to detect unwanted drops or rises in voltage. When the tester is in capture mode and an event is detected, the tester will count and record the amount of times the event occurs. To use the voltmeter function of the EDEA tester connect the red test lead to the top of the EDEA tester. For more information refer to the Instructional CD ROM. Main menu / Extra testing procedures / Voltmeter

Vehicle has no spark at the plugs. The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system There is battery voltage at the coil over plug terminal with the plug disconnected The coil is receiving a switching signal The coil has a good ground connection Test the coil is it functioning correctly? No Start 18

Vehicle has no spark at the plugs. What type of ignition system does the vehicle have? Vehicle No Start 19

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have a battery voltage at the coil Is there battery voltage at the injector, with the injector plug disconnected? No Start 20 Click the question mark icon below if you are unclear as to why you would disconnect the injector plug before testing for voltage at the injector.

Vehicle has no spark at plugs Vehicle has no injection pulse. There is a 12 volt supply to the injector with the injector plug disconnected Perform a volt drop test. Does the injector voltage supply wire pass the volt drop test? Please click the question mark icon below if you are unclear as to what a volt drop test is. No Start 21

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors Can you hear the fuel pump prime when you turn the key to the on position? No Start 22

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position. Can you hear any relays click when the ignition key is turned to the on position? No Start 23

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position Is there an injector pulse at the injector? No Start 24

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position There is no injector pulse at the injector From this information it appears that the ECU is not operating. Check all fuses associated with the EFI system or ignition system. Are any of the fuse blown? No Start 25

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position Vehicle has no injection pulse None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown. From this information it appears that the ECU is not operating. Is there power at any of the ECU pins? No Start 26

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position Vehicle has no injection pulse None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown None of the ECU pins have battery voltage Can it be determined where the ECU receives battery voltage? No Start 27

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position Vehicle has no injection pulse None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown None of the ECU pins have battery voltage It can not be determined where the ECU receives battery voltage Do you have a wiring diagram? No Start 28

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position Vehicle has no injection pulse None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown None of the ECU pins have battery voltage It can not be determined where the ECU receives battery voltage The technician does not have a wiring diagram /????????????????????????????????? Contact EDEA // Cable tracer? No Start 29

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position Vehicle has no injection pulse None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown None of the ECU pins have battery voltage It can not be determined where the ECU receives battery voltage The technician has a wiring diagram. Can you determine from the wiring diagram from where the ECU receives battery voltage? No Start 30

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position Vehicle has no injection pulse None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown None of the ECU pins have battery voltage It can be determined where the ECU receives battery voltage Is there voltage at this source? No Start 31

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position Vehicle has no injection pulse None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown None of the ECU pins have battery voltage It can be determined where the ECU receives battery voltage There is no voltage at the source the ECU receives battery voltage from Can it be determined where this source receives battery voltage from? No Start 32

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position Vehicle has no injection pulse None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown None of the ECU pins have battery voltage It can not be determined where the ECU receives battery voltage The technician has a wiring diagram The technician cannot determine the ECU battery voltage source using the wiring diagram ??????????????????????????????????????????? No Start 33

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position Vehicle has no injection pulse None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown None of the ECU pins have battery voltage It can be determined where the ECU receives battery voltage There is no voltage at the source the ECU receives battery voltage from It can not be determined where the battery voltage source to the ECU receives it voltage from. Do you have a wiring diagram? No Start 34

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position Vehicle has no injection pulse None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown None of the ECU pins have battery voltage It can be determined where the ECU receives battery voltage There is no voltage at the source the ECU receives battery voltage from It can not be determined where the battery voltage source to the ECU receives it voltage from. The technician has a wiring diagram From the wiring diagram can you determine where the ECU battery source receives its voltage from? No Start 35

Vehicle has no spark at plugs Vehicle has no injection pulse Vehicle has no voltage at the injector The fuel pump can be heard to prime when the ignition key is turned to the on position It can not be determined where the injector supply voltage source is Do you have a wiring diagram? No Start 36

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown Vehicle has no injection pulse There is power on some of the ECU pins Is there power on the ECU pins that are the main supply to the ECU? No Start 37

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown Vehicle has no injection pulse There is power on some of the ECU pins There is no power on the main supply pins of the ECU Can you determine where the main ECU power supply comes from? No Start 38

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown Vehicle has no injection pulse There is power on some of the ECU pins There is no power on the main supply to the ECU It can be determined where the ECU receives it main supply from Is there voltage at the source where the ECU receives its main supply? No Start 39

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown Vehicle has no injection pulse There is power on some of the ECU pins There is no power on the main supply to the ECU It can be determined where the ECU receives it main supply from There is no battery voltage at the source where the ECU receives its main supply Can you determine the reason why there is not voltage at this source? No Start 40

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown Vehicle has no injection pulse There is power on some of the ECU pins There is no power on the main supply to the ECU It can be determined where the ECU receives it main supply from There is no battery voltage at the source where the ECU receives its main supply It can be determined why there is no voltage at the souce that supplies the ECU battery voltage Repair this fault, is the vehicle fixed? No Start 41

Congratulations Success ! No Start 42

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown Vehicle has no injection pulse There is power on some of the ECU pins There is no power on the main supply to the ECU It can be determined where the ECU receives it main supply from There is no battery voltage at the source where the ECU receives its main supply It can be determined why there is no voltage at the source that supplies the ECU battery voltage The voltage source that supplies battery voltage to the ECU has been repaired but the vehicle is still not fixed Check for battery voltage at the ECU pins where the ECU receives its main supply from. Is there voltage at the ECU at is main supply pins? No Start 43

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown Vehicle has no injection pulse There is power on some of the ECU pins There is no power on the main supply to the ECU It can be determined where the ECU receives it main supply from There is no battery voltage at the source where the ECU receives its main supply It can be determined why there is no voltage at the source that supplies the ECU battery voltage The voltage source that supplies battery voltage to the ECU has been repaired but the vehicle is still not fixed There is still no battery voltage at the ECU main supply pins Check for continuity between the ECU voltage supply source and the ECU (Remember to disconnect the battery) Click on the question mark to explain why the battery needs to be disconnected. Is there continuity? No Start 44

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown Vehicle has no injection pulse There is power on some of the ECU pins There is no power on the main supply to the ECU It can be determined where the ECU receives it main supply from There is no battery voltage at the source where the ECU receives its main supply It can be determined why there is no voltage at the source that supplies the ECU battery voltage The voltage source that supplies battery voltage to the ECU has been repaired but the vehicle is still not fixed There is still no battery voltage at the ECU main supply pins There is no continuity between the ECU battery voltage source and the ECU Are you testing the correct pins on the ECU? No Start 45

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown Vehicle has no injection pulse There is power on some of the ECU pins There is no power on the main supply to the ECU It can be determined where the ECU receives it main supply from There is no battery voltage at the source where the ECU receives its main supply It can be determined why there is no voltage at the source that supplies the ECU battery voltage The voltage source that supplies battery voltage to the ECU has been repaired but the vehicle is still not fixed There is still no battery voltage at the ECU main supply pins There is continuity between the ECU battery supply and the ECU Reconnect the vehicle battery. Check No Start 46

Vehicle has no spark at plugs Vehicle has no injection pulse Vehicle has no voltage at the injector It can be determined where the injector supply source is Is there voltage at the injector supply source? No Start 47

Vehicle has no spark at plugs Vehicle has no injection pulse Vehicle has no voltage at the injector It can be determined where the injector supply source is There is voltage at the injector supply source Is there continuity from the injector supply source back to the injector? No Start 48

Vehicle has no spark at plugs Vehicle has no injection pulse Vehicle has no voltage at the injector It can be determined where the injector supply source is There is voltage at the injector supply source There is no continuity from the injector supply source back to the injector Trace the wire from the injector supply source back to the injector look for breaks or bad contacts? No Start 49

Vehicle has no spark no pulse and no voltage supply to the injector. Is the injector voltage source from the main relay? No Start 50

Vehicle has no spark at plugs and no injector pulse. Vehicle has a 12 volt feed to the injectors. The injector supply voltage passes a volt drop test Check crank / cam sensor. Is the crank / cam sensor working? No Start 51

Vehicle has no spark at plugs and no injector pulse. The vehicle has a 12 volt feed to the injectors. The crank and cam sensor are working. Is the signal from the crank and cam sensor reaching the ECU? No Start 52

Replace crank sensor. After crank sensor has been replace is vehicle starting and running smoothly with no further problems, i.e. poor idle, stalling, stumble. No Start 53

Congratulations Success ! No Start 54

Does the vehicle have injection pulse? No Start 55

Vehicle has spark but no injection pulse. Is there a 12 volt supply at the injector? Yes (need further notation unlikely recheck pulsing) No Start 56

Vehicle has spark but no injection pulse, there is no voltage at the injector supply pin. Are the injectors feed from the main relay? No Start 57

Vehicle has spark but no injection pulse, there is no voltage at the injector supply pin injectors are supplied from main relay. Is there voltage being supplied to the main relay? No Start 58

Vehicle has spark but no injection pulse, there is no voltage at the injector supply pin injectors are supplied from main relay. The main relay has a voltage supply. Is the main relay switching on when the engine is cranked? No Start 59

Vehicle has spark but no injection pulse, there is no voltage at the injector supply pin injectors are supplied from main relay. The main relay has a voltage supply. The main relay is switching on when engine is cranked. Is there continuity from main relay output to injectors? No Start 60

Vehicle has spark but no injection pulse, there is no voltage at the injector supply pin injectors are supplied from main relay. The main relay has a voltage supply. The main relay is switching on when engine is cranked. There is continuity from the main relay output to the injectors. Are the relay contacts contacting? No Start 61

Vehicle has spark but no injection pulse, there is no voltage supply at the injector. Voltage is supplied to the injectors from the main relay. The main relay has a voltage supply. The main relay is switching on when engine is cranked. There is continuity from the main relay output to the injectors. The relay is damaged. Replace relay if confident otherwise bridge relay contacts to confirm diagnosis. Bridge relay No Start 62

Procedure to bridge main relay voltage kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk. No Start 63

Vehicle has spark at plugs and injection pulse. Does the vehicle have fuel pressure? No Start 64

Vehicle has spark at plugs, injection pulse but no fuel pressure. Is there voltage at the pump when the vehicle is cranked? No Start 65

Vehicle has spark at plugs, injection pulse but no fuel pressure and no voltage at fuel pump terminals. Is there voltage at fuel pump relay. No Start 66

Vehicle has spark at plugs, injection pulse, no fuel pressure, there is voltage at fuel pump terminals. If voltage is supplied directly to the pump is there fuel pressure? Yes ****volt drop edit No ***dead pump edit Help No Start 67

Vehicle has spark at plugs, injection pulse and fuel pressure. Does vehicle have fuel flow? No Start 68

Vehicle has spark at plugs, injection pulse and fuel pressure and fuel flow. Does the vehicle have compression? Vehicle has fuel pressure and flow. No Start 69

Vehicle has spark at plugs, injection pulse and fuel pressure and fuel flow. Vehicle has compression. Disconnect the injectors so that no fuel passes through the injectors. Continue to next step. No Start 70

Vehicle has spark at plugs, injection pulse and fuel pressure and fuel flow. Vehicle has compression. The fuel system has been disabled by disconnecting the injectors. Crank the engine to remove all traces of fuel. Mechanical test Continue to next step. No Start 71

Vehicle has spark at plugs, injection pulse and fuel pressure and fuel flow. Vehicle has compression. The fuel system has been disabled by disconnecting the injectors. Spray a small amount of easy start into the intake manifold while cranking the engine.. Mechanical test Does the engine try to start? No Start 72

Vehicle has spark at plugs, injection pulse and fuel pressure and fuel flow. Vehicle has compression. The fuel system has been disabled by disconnecting the injectors. A small amount of easy start has been sprayed into the intake manifold while cranking the engine. The engine tries to start. Mechanical test The engine may be over fueling or under fueling. Check injector pulse width and duty cycle. Is injector pulse width and duty cycle within parameters? No Start 73

Vehicle has spark at plugs, injection pulse and fuel pressure and fuel flow. Vehicle has compression. The fuel system has been disabled by disconnecting the injectors. A small amount of easy start has been sprayed into the intake manifold while cranking the engine. The engine is not showing any signs of trying to start. Check to see if the spark plugs are fouled or wet. Mechanical test Are the spark plugs fouled or wet? No Start 74

Vehicle has spark at plugs, injection pulse and fuel pressure and fuel flow. Vehicle has compression. The fuel system has been disabled by disconnecting the injectors. A small amount of easy start has been sprayed into the intake manifold while cranking the engine. The engine is not showing any signs of trying to start. The spark plugs are fouled or wet. Mechanical test Dry, clean or replace the plugs. Spray easy start into the inlet manifold while the vehicle is being cranked. Does the vehicle try to start? No Start 75

Vehicle has spark at plugs, injection pulse and fuel pressure and fuel flow. Vehicle has compression. The fuel system has been disabled by disconnecting the injectors. A small amount of easy start has been sprayed into the intake manifold while cranking the engine. The engine is not showing any signs of trying to start. The spark plugs are not wet or fouled. Mechanical test Is the ignition timing correct? Next ask about valve timing? Discuss also That if there are no sign of firing that the valve timing may be out even though the Compression is okay? No Start 76

Vehicle has spark, injection pulse and fuel pressure. It does not have fuel flow. Is the return line blocked, does it have a return line??????? Vehicle does not have fuel flow No Start 77

The vehicle has no spark at the plugs The vehicle has injection pulse What type of ignition system does the vehicle use? Distributer Coil over Plug Coil Pack Vehicle has no spark No Start 78

Testing individual components No Start 79

Ignition Coils. Ignition Modules. Cam and Crank Position Sensors. Basic theory 80

Conventional Ignition Coils. Distributor-less Ignition Coils. Coil Over Plug Ignition Coils (COP) Ignition coil theory menu 81

Conventional ignition coils Oil filled ignition coils are basically two coils of wire, a primary coil a and a secondary coil wrapped around a soft iron core, they are oil filled for cooling. Transformer type ignition coils primary and secondary windings are constructed around a laminated steel frame. Some types of transformer ignition coils are fully encapsulated by resin. Look for cracking and carbon tracking on the outside of resin encapsulated coils. When testing, if these coils fail to produce a spark, listen for internal shorting within the coil. In both oil filled and transformer type ignition coils the secondary coil has substantially more windings than the primary coil, making the arrangement a step up transformer. One side of the primary coil is connected to the positive side of the vehicle battery. The other side of the primary coil is connected to the ignition module. The ignition module switches the negative side of the coil to ground. Conventional ignition coil theory 82

When the ignition module switches the negative side of the coil to ground, current flows into the primary windings. The primary windings behave like an electromagnet. This magnetism in the coil resists the flow of current until no more current can flow into the coil, this condition is called “fully saturated”. When the ignition module switches off the primary circuit, the magnetic field in the primary windings rapidly collapses engulfing the secondary coil windings. This collapsing magnetic field induces a high voltage in the secondary coil windings and is dissipated through the soft iron core / laminated steel frame. The soft iron core / laminated frame is part of the coil output tower, that carries the high voltage to the distributor, leads and plugs. Conventional ignition coil theory 83

Include more images 84

Distributor-less Ignition coils (DIS) are double ended and fire two sparks simultaneously. One spark fires the cylinder on compression stroke and the other to the paired cylinder on exhaust stroke. When the spark from a DIS coil fires a cylinder that is in its exhaust stroke it is referred to as WASTE SPARK. DIS coils are mainly of the transformer resin filled type construction. Distributor less ignition coil theory 85

Include more images Image of distributor less ignition coil 86

The vehicle has no spark at the plugs The vehicle has injection pulse The vehicle uses a distributer type ignition system Is the ignition coil working? Vehicle has no spark 87

The vehicle has no spark at the plugs The vehicle has injection pulse The vehicle uses a COP type ignition system Is spark loss on every plug Vehicle has no spark 88

The vehicle has no spark at the plugs The vehicle has injection pulse The vehicle uses a coil pack type ignition Is spark loss on every plug? Vehicle has no spark 89

Vehicle has no spark at plugs Vehicle has no injection pulse Vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors Is there a 12 volt supply to the injector? No spark no injection pulse 90

Vehicle has spark at plugs Vehicle has no injection pulse Vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors Is there a 12 volt supply to the injector with the injector plug disconnected? No spark no injection pulse 91 Why remove the injector plug when testing for power at the injector

Why disconnect the injector connector plug when testing for voltage 92 Why disconnect the connector plug when testing battery voltage.

Test for battery voltage at the injector with the plug connector disconnected Only the LED’s in the SPEED panel are used to display voltage. The EDEA ignition tester is able to measure voltages from 0 to 15 Volts in one Volt increments with an accuracy of 0.5 volts. The voltmeter has a capture mode that can be configured to detect unwanted drops or rises in voltage. When the tester is in capture mode and an event is detected, the tester will count and record the amount of times the event occurs. To use the voltmeter function of the EDEA tester connect the red test lead to the top of the EDEA tester. For more information refer to the Instructional CD ROM. Main menu / Extra testing procedures / Voltmeter

The vehicle has spark at plugs The vehicle does not have injection pulse The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors Can you hear the fuel pump prime when the ignition key is turned to the on position? No Start 94

The vehicle has spark at plugs The vehicle does not have injection pulse The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position. Can you hear any relays click when the ignition key is turned to the on position? No Start 95

The vehicle has spark at plugs The vehicle does not have injection pulse The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position Is there an injector pulse at the injector? No Start 96

The vehicle has spark at plugs The vehicle does not have injection pulse The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position From this information it appears that the ECU is not operating. Check all fuses associated with the EFI system or ignition system. Are any of the fuse blown? No Start 97

The vehicle has spark at plugs The vehicle does not have injection pulse The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position Vehicle has no injection pulse None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown. From this information it appears that the ECU is not operating. Is there power at any of the ECU pins? No Start 98

The vehicle has spark at plugs The vehicle does not have injection pulse The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown None of the ECU pins have battery voltage Can it be determined where the ECU receives battery voltage? No Start 99

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position Vehicle has no injection pulse None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown None of the ECU pins have battery voltage It can not be determined where the ECU receives battery voltage Do you have a wiring diagram? No Start 100

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position Vehicle has no injection pulse None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown None of the ECU pins have battery voltage It can not be determined where the ECU receives battery voltage The technician does not have a wiring diagram /????????????????????????????????? Contact EDEA // Cable tracer? No Start 101

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position Vehicle has no injection pulse None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown None of the ECU pins have battery voltage It can not be determined where the ECU receives battery voltage The technician has a wiring diagram. Can you determine from the wiring diagram from where the ECU receives battery voltage? No Start 102

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position Vehicle has no injection pulse None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown None of the ECU pins have battery voltage It can be determined where the ECU receives battery voltage Is there voltage at this source? No Start 103

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position Vehicle has no injection pulse None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown None of the ECU pins have battery voltage It can be determined where the ECU receives battery voltage There is no voltage at the source the ECU receives battery voltage from Can it be determined where this source receives battery voltage from? No Start 104

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position Vehicle has no injection pulse None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown None of the ECU pins have battery voltage It can not be determined where the ECU receives battery voltage The technician has a wiring diagram The technician cannot determine the ECU battery voltage source using the wiring diagram ??????????????????????????????????????????? No Start 105

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position Vehicle has no injection pulse None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown None of the ECU pins have battery voltage It can be determined where the ECU receives battery voltage There is no voltage at the source the ECU receives battery voltage from It can not be determined where the battery voltage source to the ECU receives it voltage from. Do you have a wiring diagram? No Start 106

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position Vehicle has no injection pulse None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown None of the ECU pins have battery voltage It can be determined where the ECU receives battery voltage There is no voltage at the source the ECU receives battery voltage from It can not be determined where the battery voltage source to the ECU receives it voltage from. The technician has a wiring diagram From the wiring diagram can you determine where the ECU battery source receives its voltage from? No Start 107

Vehicle has no spark at plugs Vehicle has no injection pulse Vehicle has no voltage at the injector The fuel pump can be heard to prime when the ignition key is turned to the on position It can not be determined where the injector supply voltage source is Do you have a wiring diagram? No Start 108

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown Vehicle has no injection pulse There is power on some of the ECU pins Is there power on the ECU pins that are the main supply to the ECU? No Start 109

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown Vehicle has no injection pulse There is power on some of the ECU pins There is no power on the main supply pins of the ECU Can you determine where the main ECU power supply comes from? No Start 110

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown Vehicle has no injection pulse There is power on some of the ECU pins There is no power on the main supply to the ECU It can be determined where the ECU receives it main supply from Is there voltage at the source where the ECU receives its main supply? No Start 111

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown Vehicle has no injection pulse There is power on some of the ECU pins There is no power on the main supply to the ECU It can be determined where the ECU receives it main supply from There is no battery voltage at the source where the ECU receives its main supply Can you determine the reason why there is not voltage at this source? No Start 112

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown Vehicle has no injection pulse There is power on some of the ECU pins There is no power on the main supply to the ECU It can be determined where the ECU receives it main supply from There is no battery voltage at the source where the ECU receives its main supply It can be determined why there is no voltage at the souce that supplies the ECU battery voltage Repair this fault, is the vehicle fixed? No Start 113

Congratulations Success ! No Start 114

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown Vehicle has no injection pulse There is power on some of the ECU pins There is no power on the main supply to the ECU It can be determined where the ECU receives it main supply from There is no battery voltage at the source where the ECU receives its main supply It can be determined why there is no voltage at the source that supplies the ECU battery voltage The voltage source that supplies battery voltage to the ECU has been repaired but the vehicle is still not fixed Check for battery voltage at the ECU pins where the ECU receives its main supply from. Is there voltage at the ECU at is main supply pins? No Start 115

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown Vehicle has no injection pulse There is power on some of the ECU pins There is no power on the main supply to the ECU It can be determined where the ECU receives it main supply from There is no battery voltage at the source where the ECU receives its main supply It can be determined why there is no voltage at the source that supplies the ECU battery voltage The voltage source that supplies battery voltage to the ECU has been repaired but the vehicle is still not fixed There is still no battery voltage at the ECU main supply pins Check for continuity between the ECU voltage supply source and the ECU (Remember to disconnect the battery) Click on the question mark to explain why the battery needs to be disconnected. Is there continuity? No Start 116

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown Vehicle has no injection pulse There is power on some of the ECU pins There is no power on the main supply to the ECU It can be determined where the ECU receives it main supply from There is no battery voltage at the source where the ECU receives its main supply It can be determined why there is no voltage at the source that supplies the ECU battery voltage The voltage source that supplies battery voltage to the ECU has been repaired but the vehicle is still not fixed There is still no battery voltage at the ECU main supply pins There is no continuity between the ECU battery voltage source and the ECU Are you testing the correct pins on the ECU? No Start 117

Vehicle has no spark at plugs The vehicle has a coil over plug ignition system The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the coil The vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors The fuel pump cannot be heard priming when the ignition key is turned to the on position No relays can be heard clicking when the ignition key is turned to the on position None of the EFI or ignition fuses are blown Vehicle has no injection pulse There is power on some of the ECU pins There is no power on the main supply to the ECU It can be determined where the ECU receives it main supply from There is no battery voltage at the source where the ECU receives its main supply It can be determined why there is no voltage at the source that supplies the ECU battery voltage The voltage source that supplies battery voltage to the ECU has been repaired but the vehicle is still not fixed There is still no battery voltage at the ECU main supply pins There is continuity between the ECU battery supply and the ECU Reconnect the vehicle battery. Check No Start 118

Vehicle has no spark at plugs Vehicle has no injection pulse Vehicle has no voltage at the injector It can be determined where the injector supply source is Is there voltage at the injector supply source? No Start 119

Vehicle has no spark at plugs Vehicle has no injection pulse Vehicle has no voltage at the injector It can be determined where the injector supply source is There is voltage at the injector supply source Is there continuity from the injector supply source back to the injector? No Start 120

Vehicle has no spark at plugs Vehicle has no injection pulse Vehicle has no voltage at the injector It can be determined where the injector supply source is There is voltage at the injector supply source There is no continuity from the injector supply source back to the injector Trace the wire from the injector supply source back to the injector look for breaks or bad contacts? No Start 121

Vehicle has no spark no pulse and no voltage supply to the injector. Is the injector voltage source from the main relay? No Start 122

Vehicle has no spark at plugs and no injector pulse. Vehicle has a 12 volt feed to the injectors. The injector supply voltage passes a volt drop test Check crank / cam sensor. Is the crank / cam sensor working? No Start 123

Vehicle has no spark at plugs and no injector pulse. The vehicle has a 12 volt feed to the injectors. The crank and cam sensor are working. Is the signal from the crank and cam sensor reaching the ECU? No Start 124

Replace crank sensor. After crank sensor has been replace is vehicle starting and running smoothly with no further problems, i.e. poor idle, stalling, stumble. No Start 125

Congratulations Success ! No Start 126

Does the vehicle have injection pulse? No Start 127

Vehicle has spark but no injection pulse. Is there a 12 volt supply at the injector? Yes (need further notation unlikely recheck pulsing) No Start 128

Vehicle has spark but no injection pulse, there is no voltage at the injector supply pin. Are the injectors feed from the main relay? No Start 129

Vehicle has spark but no injection pulse, there is no voltage at the injector supply pin injectors are supplied from main relay. Is there voltage being supplied to the main relay? No Start 130

Vehicle has spark but no injection pulse, there is no voltage at the injector supply pin injectors are supplied from main relay. The main relay has a voltage supply. Is the main relay switching on when the engine is cranked? No Start 131

Vehicle has spark but no injection pulse, there is no voltage at the injector supply pin injectors are supplied from main relay. The main relay has a voltage supply. The main relay is switching on when engine is cranked. Is there continuity from main relay output to injectors? No Start 132

Vehicle has spark but no injection pulse, there is no voltage at the injector supply pin injectors are supplied from main relay. The main relay has a voltage supply. The main relay is switching on when engine is cranked. There is continuity from the main relay output to the injectors. Are the relay contacts contacting? No Start 133

Vehicle has spark but no injection pulse, there is no voltage supply at the injector. Voltage is supplied to the injectors from the main relay. The main relay has a voltage supply. The main relay is switching on when engine is cranked. There is continuity from the main relay output to the injectors. The relay is damaged. Replace relay if confident otherwise bridge relay contacts to confirm diagnosis. Bridge relay No Start 134

Procedure to bridge main relay voltage kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk. No Start 135

Vehicle has spark at plugs and injection pulse. Does the vehicle have fuel pressure? No Start 136

Vehicle has spark at plugs, injection pulse but no fuel pressure. Is there voltage at the pump when the vehicle is cranked? No Start 137

Vehicle has spark at plugs, injection pulse but no fuel pressure and no voltage at fuel pump terminals. Is there voltage at fuel pump relay. No Start 138

Vehicle has spark at plugs, injection pulse, no fuel pressure, there is voltage at fuel pump terminals. If voltage is supplied directly to the pump is there fuel pressure? Yes ****volt drop edit No ***dead pump edit Help No Start 139

Vehicle has spark at plugs, injection pulse and fuel pressure. Does vehicle have fuel flow? No Start 140

Vehicle has spark at plugs, injection pulse and fuel pressure and fuel flow. Does the vehicle have compression? Vehicle has fuel pressure and flow. No Start 141

Vehicle has spark at plugs, injection pulse and fuel pressure and fuel flow. Vehicle has compression. Disconnect the injectors so that no fuel passes through the injectors. Continue to next step. No Start 142

Vehicle has spark at plugs, injection pulse and fuel pressure and fuel flow. Vehicle has compression. The fuel system has been disabled by disconnecting the injectors. Crank the engine to remove all traces of fuel. Mechanical test Continue to next step. No Start 143

Vehicle has spark at plugs, injection pulse and fuel pressure and fuel flow. Vehicle has compression. The fuel system has been disabled by disconnecting the injectors. Spray a small amount of easy start into the intake manifold while cranking the engine.. Mechanical test Does the engine try to start? No Start 144

Vehicle has spark at plugs, injection pulse and fuel pressure and fuel flow. Vehicle has compression. The fuel system has been disabled by disconnecting the injectors. A small amount of easy start has been sprayed into the intake manifold while cranking the engine. The engine tries to start. Mechanical test The engine may be over fueling or under fueling. Check injector pulse width and duty cycle. Is injector pulse width and duty cycle within parameters? No Start 145

Vehicle has spark at plugs, injection pulse and fuel pressure and fuel flow. Vehicle has compression. The fuel system has been disabled by disconnecting the injectors. A small amount of easy start has been sprayed into the intake manifold while cranking the engine. The engine is not showing any signs of trying to start. Check to see if the spark plugs are fouled or wet. Mechanical test Are the spark plugs fouled or wet? No Start 146

Vehicle has spark at plugs, injection pulse and fuel pressure and fuel flow. Vehicle has compression. The fuel system has been disabled by disconnecting the injectors. A small amount of easy start has been sprayed into the intake manifold while cranking the engine. The engine is not showing any signs of trying to start. The spark plugs are fouled or wet. Mechanical test Dry, clean or replace the plugs. Spray easy start into the inlet manifold while the vehicle is being cranked. Does the vehicle try to start? No Start 147

Vehicle has spark at plugs, injection pulse and fuel pressure and fuel flow. Vehicle has compression. The fuel system has been disabled by disconnecting the injectors. A small amount of easy start has been sprayed into the intake manifold while cranking the engine. The engine is not showing any signs of trying to start. The spark plugs are not wet or fouled. Mechanical test Is the ignition timing correct? Next ask about valve timing? Discuss also That if there are no sign of firing that the valve timing may be out even though the Compression is okay? No Start 148

Vehicle has spark, injection pulse and fuel pressure. It does not have fuel flow. Is the return line blocked, does it have a return line??????? Vehicle does not have fuel flow No Start 149

The vehicle has no spark at the plugs The vehicle has injection pulse What type of ignition system does the vehicle use? Distributer Coil over Plug Coil Pack Vehicle has no spark No Start 150

Testing individual components No Start 151

Ignition Coils. Ignition Modules. Cam and Crank Position Sensors. Basic theory 152

Conventional Ignition Coils. Distributor-less Ignition Coils. Coil Over Plug Ignition Coils (COP) Ignition coil theory menu 153

Conventional ignition coils Oil filled ignition coils are basically two coils of wire, a primary coil a and a secondary coil wrapped around a soft iron core, they are oil filled for cooling. Transformer type ignition coils primary and secondary windings are constructed around a laminated steel frame. Some types of transformer ignition coils are fully encapsulated by resin. Look for cracking and carbon tracking on the outside of resin encapsulated coils. When testing, if these coils fail to produce a spark, listen for internal shorting within the coil. In both oil filled and transformer type ignition coils the secondary coil has substantially more windings than the primary coil, making the arrangement a step up transformer. One side of the primary coil is connected to the positive side of the vehicle battery. The other side of the primary coil is connected to the ignition module. The ignition module switches the negative side of the coil to ground. Conventional ignition coil theory 154

When the ignition module switches the negative side of the coil to ground, current flows into the primary windings. The primary windings behave like an electromagnet. This magnetism in the coil resists the flow of current until no more current can flow into the coil, this condition is called “fully saturated”. When the ignition module switches off the primary circuit, the magnetic field in the primary windings rapidly collapses engulfing the secondary coil windings. This collapsing magnetic field induces a high voltage in the secondary coil windings and is dissipated through the soft iron core / laminated steel frame. The soft iron core / laminated frame is part of the coil output tower, that carries the high voltage to the distributor, leads and plugs. Conventional ignition coil theory 155

Include more images 156

Distributor-less Ignition coils (DIS) are double ended and fire two sparks simultaneously. One spark fires the cylinder on compression stroke and the other to the paired cylinder on exhaust stroke. When the spark from a DIS coil fires a cylinder that is in its exhaust stroke it is referred to as WASTE SPARK. DIS coils are mainly of the transformer resin filled type construction. Distributor less ignition coil theory 157

Include more images Image of distributor less ignition coil 158

The vehicle has no spark at the plugs The vehicle has injection pulse The vehicle uses a distributer type ignition system Is the ignition coil working? Vehicle has no spark 159

The vehicle has no spark at the plugs The vehicle has injection pulse The vehicle uses a COP type ignition system Is spark loss on every plug Vehicle has no spark 160

The vehicle has no spark at the plugs The vehicle has injection pulse The vehicle uses a coil pack type ignition Is spark loss on every plug? Vehicle has no spark 161

Vehicle has no spark at plugs Vehicle has no injection pulse Vehicle does not have battery voltage at the injectors Is there a 12 volt supply to the injector? No spark no injection pulse 162