Work and machines Making jobs easier. Work Work is done on an object when a force is exerted on an object that causes the object to move some distance.

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Presentation transcript:

Work and machines Making jobs easier

Work Work is done on an object when a force is exerted on an object that causes the object to move some distance. No work without motion No work without force in the same direction

Motion and force Person does not work on weights – weights do not move Person does work on weights – weights moved Force on weights Summer Olympics 2000 Sydney Australia By Lou Jones

Direction and force Horse does not work on the rider – force not in same direction Horse does work on the cart - force and motion in the same direction Force on person motion Force on cart

Calculating work Work = Force X Distance Force units = Newton, N Distance units = meter, m Work units = Joule, J J = N*m

Making work easier Machines Change the amount of force you exert Change the distance over which you exert force Change the direction in which you exert force Do change the amount of work done

Total work does not change Work = Force X Distance If a machine allows you to apply a smaller force the distance will increase If a machine reduces the distance the force will increase If a machine allows you to apply a force in a different direction it doesn’t change how much force you have to apply or how far you move it

Mechanical advantage The number of times a force exerted on a machine is multiplied by the machine Mechanical ad. = Output force Input force If M.A. > 1 machine increases force needed but distance decreases If M.A. < 1 machine reduces force needed but distance increases

Efficiency Efficiency compares the output work to the input work (%) Cannot be greater than 100% Efficiency usually < 100% Friction

Types of simple machines Inclined plane Wedge Screw Lever Wheel and axle pulley Image taken from:

Inclined plane teacher.scholastic.com/dirtrep/ simple/img/plane.gif

Wedge teacher.scholastic.com/dirtrep/ simple/img/wedge.gif

Screw teacher.scholastic.com/dirtrep/ simple/img/screw.gif

Lever teacher.scholastic.com/dirtrep/ simple/img/lever.gif

Wheel and axle teacher.scholastic.com/dirtrep/ simple/img/wheel.gif

Pulley teacher.scholastic.com/dirtrep/ simple/img/pulley.gif

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