Idda Lyatonga Swai 18 February, 2015

 Introduction  Research questions  Methods  Major findings  Likely conclusion…

 Tanzania has ratified international treaties; ◦ The declarations of “the Beijing Platform for Action [BPA]” in 1995 ◦ The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) ◦ SADC protocol on gender and development on 17th August 2008  Article 21 of the 1977 URT Constitution recognize equal right to participate in the governance of the country.

 Therefore, special seats. ◦ % ◦ % ◦ %

◦ What do they do? ◦ Is there any difference?

 How and to what extent do women councilors (try to) exert influence in the decision making of councils? ◦ Number of attempts ◦ Issue areas and type of attempt ◦ Number of success attempts ◦ Attributes

 Data collection ◦ Analysis of Minutes  Number of attempts ◦ Observation ◦ Interviews  Data analysis ◦ Statistical analysis (attempts),  Cases were combined Total attempts per councilor * Council size Total attempts per council ◦ Content analysis

 Men councilors make more significant attempts when compared with all women  Elected women make more attempts than men but the differences is not significant  Elected councilors made more significant attempts than appointed women councilors

Issue areas?  No gender difference in social services. ◦ Men made more attempts than women but not sig ◦ No difference btn men and elected WC  Elected councilors made more sig attempts in permit than appointed  Elected made more sig attempts in running the government than appointed councilors ◦ But no difference btn elected and appointed WC

 Type of attempts?  Men made more sig attempts to initiate, support and oppose than women (all) ◦ No sig gender difference when men were compared with elected women ◦ Elected women made more attempts to initiate than men  No gender difference on the attempts to prevent

 Elected councilors made more sig attempts to initiate, oppose and prevent than appointed ◦ However, no difference when gender is controlled.  No status significant different on the attempts to support

 Status ◦ Elected councilors made more sig success attempts than appointed councilors  Gender ◦ Men councilors made more attempts than women but not sig  When status was controlled, the elected women made more success attempts than men. But, the difference was not sig

 Success rate? ◦ Total success attempts per councillor/total attempt per councillor  Gender ◦ Elected WC make more sig success rate attempts than men  Status ◦ Elected WC made more success rate than appointed However  No sig difference btn men and women(all) and all elected and appointed

Table 10.1: Determinant of success attempts of the councilors to influence decisions VariablesCodesBtSig. Gender Male Female1 Status Appointed Elected1 Leadership position Non leaders Leaders1 Political party Ruling Opposition1 Age Below Above 451 Occupation Civil servant Business AgricultureReference --- Experience Below 10 years Above 10 years1 Education Primary educationReference--- Secondary education Higher education

 Gender does not make difference on the attempts of councilors.  Status is important determinant of councilor’s attempts and successful attempts.  Other predictors of successful attempts were; ◦ Leadership position, Occupation  only Gender + status predict success rate

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