Gender and MDGs in the Arab Region Lotta Persson Statistician Population and Welfare Statistics Statistics Sweden

The Millennium Development Goals Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women Goal 4: Reduce child mortality Goal 5: Improve maternal health Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development

Gender issues Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education TARGET Ensure that by, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course primary schooling GENDER ISSUE/PROBLEM Poorer education among women than among men

Indicators for goal 2 Net enrolment ratio in primary education Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach grade 5 Literacy rate of year olds

Exercise Poorer education among women than among men Problem/concern Family’s preference for investing in sons’ education Underlying causes Girl’s work in the household Girls reproductive role Consequences/effects Women’s higher illiteracy Women’s lower knowledge of HIV Women’s lower access to paid work

Exercise Poorer education among women than among men Problem/concern Family’s preference for investing in sons’ education Underlying causes Girl’s work in the household Girls reproductive role Consequences/effects Women’s higher illiteracy Women more vulnerable to HIV Women’s lower access to paid work Primary completion rate Net enrolment ratio in primary education Time girls and boys spend working in the household Fertility rate by age Literacy rate of year-olds years olds with correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS All statistics should be presented by sex Women and men in wage employment

Exercise Poorer education among women than among men Problem/concern Family’s preference for investing in sons’ education Underlying causes Girls work in the household Social and cultural barriers Consequences/effects Women’s higher illiteracy Women’s lower access to information and media Women’s lower access to paid work Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach grade 5 Net enrolment ratio in primary education Time girls and boys spend working in the household Fertility rate by age Literacy rate of year-olds years old with correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS All statistics should be presented by sex Women and men in wage employment Country ministry of education Population census/ household survey Household survey Population census/ household survey Labour force survey/ Population census

Useful sources for MDG indicators Administrative records Surveys Censuses

Goal 1: THE POVERTY GOAL 1.Proportion of population below $1 per day 2.Poverty gap ratio 3.Share of poorest quintile in national consumption => Household income and expenditure survey 4.Prevalence of underweight children under five years of age => National household surveys (MICS, PAPFAM, DHS) 5.Proportion of the population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption => Household income and expenditure survey

Goal 2: THE EDUCATION GOAL 1.Net enrolment ratio in primary education 2.Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach grade 5 => Country ministry of education, Household survey ) 3.Literacy rate of year olds => Census, Household survey

EXAMPLE Boys more likely than girls to attend school Children from rural areas are least likely to attend school

EXAMPLE

Goal 3: THE GENDER EQUALITY GOAL 1.Ratios of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education => Country ministry of education, Household survey 2.Ratio of literate women to men year olds => Census, Household survey 3.Share of women in wage employment in the non- agricultural sector => Census, Labour force surveys 4.Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament => Records of national parliaments

Goal 4: THE CHILD MORTALITY GOAL 1.Under-five mortality rate 2.Infant mortality rate => Vital statistics registration system, census, or sample surveys 3.Proportion of 1 year-old immunised against measles => WHO and Unicef Administrative data, sample survey

Goal 5: THE MATERNAL MORTALITY GOAL 1.Maternal mortality rate => Vital statistics registration system or sample surveys 2.Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel => Household surveys

Goal 6: THE HEALTH GOAL 1.People living with HIV, years old => 2.Contraceptive/condom use 3.Percentage of population aged with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS 4.Ratio of school attendance of orpans to school attendance of non- orphans aged years => Household surveys (DHS, MICS) 5.Prevalence and death rates associated with Malaria 6.Prevalence and death rates associated with Tuberculosis => Vital statistics registration, Household surveys 7.Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured under directly- observed treatment short courses => WHO

Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability 1.Administrative records => Ministry of education => Records of national parliaments, => Vital statistics registration system

Summary Administrative records => Ministry of education => Vital statistics registration

Summary Population census Surveys => Household income and expenditure survey/ Living standard measurment survey => Household surveys Demographic and Health Survey/PAPFAM Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey

Example from Sweden Per cent Economic activity rate of persons aged Goal

Example from Sweden Economic activity rate of persons aged Per cent Men Women Goal

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