Zinc Estimated 2 billion Iron Estimated 2 billion A Massive Problem

Consequences of Micronutrient Malnutrition Increased illness and disease Growth hindered - stunting. Irreversible Lower cognitive ability Capacity for physical labor reduced Poorer reproductive health Death Decline in productivity> lower GDP

1. Identify target populations” where they, what they eat 3. Breed nutrient-rich staple crops 4. Test new varieties in farmer fields 5. Ensure that these novel crops are efficacious 6. Disseminate nutritious seeds to farmers 7. Promote marketing/consumption 2. Set nutrient targets for plant breeders based on consumption, bioavailability, retention, losses

Inputs into Food Production Farming Practices Post- Harvest Practices Home Crop/ Food Storage Home Post- Harvest Food Processing Industrial Food Processing Distribution / Transport / Retailing Home Food Preparatio n The Agricultural Production Value Chain Activities Seeds, fertilizer, pesticide, water, soil, organic matter, equipment, crop selection, mulching Intercropping, mixed gardening, irrigation, weeding, tillage, transplant, harvest Field pre-drying, threshing, winnowing, shelling Open air, underground, sun drying, wood fire, barn/crib/silo/bi n/warehouse storage Curing, grinding, milling, fermenting, traditional preservation, roasting, soaking Food Manufacturing Fortification Packaging, transport, commercial storage, vending Frying, boiling, pounding, smoking, roasting, steaming

Inputs into Food Production Farming Practices Post- Harvest Practices Home Crop/ Food Storage Home Post- Harvest Food Processing Industrial Food Processing Distribution / Transport / Retailing Food Prepara- tion The Agricultural Production Value Chain Nutrition Lens Nutrient rich seed, fertilizer, soil, organic matter, crop selection, mulching Intercropping, diverse cropping, mixed gardening Field pre-drying, threshing, winnowing, shelling Open air, underground, sun drying, wood fire, barn/crib/silo/bi n/warehouse storage Curing, grinding, milling, fermenting, traditional preservation, roasting, soaking Food Manufacturing Fortification Packaging, transport, commercial storage, vending Frying, boiling, pounding, smoking, roasting, steaming

Inputs into Food Production Farming Practices Post- Harvest Practices Home Crop/ Food Storage Home Post- Harvest Food Processing Industrial Food Processing Distribution / Transport / Retailing Food Prepara- tion The Agricultural Production Value Chain Nutrition Lens Seeds, fertilizer, pesticide, irrigation, soil, organic matter, equipment, crop selection, mulching Intercropping, diverse cropping, mixed gardening, weeding, tillage, transplant, harvest Field pre-drying, threshing, winnowing, shelling Open air, underground, sun drying, wood fire, barn/crib/silo/bi n/warehouse storage Curing, grinding, milling, fermenting, traditional preservation, roasting, soaking Food Manufacturing Fortification Packaging, transport, commercial storage, vending Frying, boiling, pounding, smoking, roasting, steaming

Inputs into Food Production Farming Practices Post- Harvest Practices Home Crop/ Food Storage Home Post- Harvest Food Processing Industrial Food Processing Distribution / Transport / Retailing Food Prepara- tion The Agricultural Production Value Chain Nutrition Lens Seeds, fertilizer, pesticide, irrigation, soil, organic matter, equipment, crop selection, mulching Intercropping, diverse cropping, mixed gardening, weeding, tillage, transplant, harvest Field pre-drying, threshing, winnowing, shelling Open air, underground, sun drying, wood fire, barn/crib/silo/bi n/warehouse storage Curing, grinding, milling, fermenting, traditional preservation, roasting, soaking Food Manufacturing Fortification Packaging, transport, commercial storage, vending Frying, boiling, pounding, smoking, roasting, steaming

75% of the poor 25%

Inputs into Food Production Farming Practices Post- Harvest Practices Home Crop/ Food Storage Home Post- Harvest Food Processing Industrial Food Processing Distribution / Transport / Retailing Food Prepara- tion The Agricultural Production Value Chain Actors and Partnerships Research organizations, seed and biotech companies, fertilizer industry, extension services, farmer cooperatives, agri business Farmers, extension services Farmer to farmer cooperatives Farmers, extension services, equipment manufacturers Farmers, extension services, storage equipment manufacturers Farmers and household food preparers Food Industry Associations of Food Manufacturers Commercial fortification industry Independent retailers, supermarket chains, exporters, food companies Professional Associations, Commercial fortification industry, food preparation equipment Seeds, fertilizer, pesticide, irrigation, soil, organic matter, equipment, crop selection, mulching Intercropping, diverse cropping, mixed gardening, weeding, tillage, transplant, harvest Field pre-drying, threshing, winnowing, shelling Open air, underground, sun drying, wood fire, barn/crib/silo/bi n/warehouse storage Curing, grinding, milling, fermenting, traditional preservation, roasting, soaking Food Manufacturing Fortification Packaging, transport, commercial storage, vending Frying, boiling, pounding, smoking, roasting, steaming