课标人教实验版 高二 Module 8 Unit 5

Listening and Reading

1. Listen to the tape and write down the main idea of their dialogue: The main idea is that there are two problems that archaeologists are trying to solve. They are to do with the preservation of the Terracotta LISTENING (P78)

Warriors. One is how to protect the colours and the other is how to protect the statues against moulds.

1. Why is the first problem easier to solve? A. The solution is simple. B. Damp can be easily treated. C. It only occurs when it is hot. D. A new form of chemical protection has been invented. 2. Listen again and choose the best answers.

2. How does the terracotta army show Emperor Qin Shihuang’s power? A. They are all the size of a man. B. They are a very impressive sight. C. There are copies of 8,000 different men. D. Archaeologists think the army is a copy of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s real army.

3. What caused the Terracotta Warriors to lose their colour? A. Sunlight and temperature changes. B. Damp and temperature changes. C. Damp and sunlight. D. All of the three.

4. Why is it not easy to solve the problem of the forty kinds of mould? A. They may need different cures. B. They cannot be removed. C. There are so many of them. D. They grew before the excavation.

3. Work in pairs and fill in the chart below. Terracotta Warriors Information Age Material Number about 2,000 years old made of clay about 8,000

Size Problem 1 Cause: Solution: an adult man loss of colour through sunlight and temperature changes special jelly

Problem 2Cause: Solution: mould caused by damp not solved yet as the moulds need different treatment, but the jelly helps

MORE NEWS ABOUT THE TERRACOTFA WARRIORS The Terracotta Warriors are one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of the twentieth century. Archaeologists assume that they represent the army of LISTENING TEXT

Emperor Qin ( BC), who were supposed to guard him after death. They form part of the tomb for the Emperor Qin. Part of his tomb is still waiting to be excavated.

AP: Where did you go for your holiday, Zhou Lei? ZL: I went to visit the Terracotta Warriors and found out more about the research to preserve the statues. AP = Amanda Peters ZL = Zhou Lei

AP: You’re so lucky! I'd love to go and see them very much. Making figures that are 1.96 meters tall is amazing! They must be such an impressive sight. It makes you realize how powerful Emperor Qin was.

ZL: Yes, indeed. And each of them has an individual face so that archaeologists think they must have been a copy of Qin’s real army. But eight thousand statues are a lot of clay figures to protect and there have been problems. AP: Oh dear! What problems?

ZL: Well, the first problem is how to keep their colors. Chinese archaeologists have discovered that the statues were painted before they were buried. But temperature changed and sunlight soon faded the colors after the statues were uncovered.

AP: Why did that happen? ZL: First, some of them became a little bit smaller when they dried out after being excavated and that made their color disappear quickly. Second, the damp in the tomb also affected the colors badly. But now luckily the scientists have

discovered a new chemical protection, which will keep the colors shining brightly. AP: That’s wonderful news. ZL: Yes. It’s a very thin layer of chemical jelly, which will preserve the vivid colors of the soldiers as well as protect them from the damp.

AP: That’s great. So the problem’s solved. But I'm afraid that those statues that lost their color can’t get it back? ZL: Sadly, no. But this breakthrough has helped deal with another problem. AP: What's that?

ZL: Well, you know that the Terracotta Warriors were discovered in Since then the statues have suffered more than forty different kinds of mould all caused by damp.

AP: That sounds really serious. I didn’t know clay statues could suffer from mould! Did it happen before they were excavated or after? ZL: After they were excavated, damp entered the excavation area. The moulds developed quickly and need different kinds of treatment.

AP: Oh, how terrible! Can we do something to clean the warriors and make them safe? ZL: Well, this jelly will help protect them against some moulds. AP: Oh! Is there anything else that ordinary people can do to help?... (fade out)

Answer key for Exercise 1: I think the ancient Egyptians believed: the spirit of one's body went on the journey to the afterlife. They believed everyone must be tested to see if they had led a good life. Listening on Page 81

1. Poor people did not bury their dead family members with goods. 2. Both rich and poor people preserved the bodies of their family members after death. F T True or False

3. The ancient Egyptians believed the spirits of dead people went to the afterlife. 4. The ancient Egyptians believed everyone was first tested to see if they had lived a good life. 5. If you had not lived a good life, you went into the afterlife anyway. F T T

6. The God Anubis ( 埃及神话中导引亡灵 之神 ) ate your spirit if you had led a bad life on the earth. T

1. What two things are the same in the two graves? ① Some goods. ② Food for the journey to the afterlife. Answer the following questions after the second-time listening.

2. What two things are different? ① Many more goods in the rich person’s grave. ② Body was preserved artificially in a coffin in the rich grave and naturally in the sand in the poor grave.

3. Why did one person take so many artifacts and the other so few? Because a rich person had many more goods to take with him / her than a poor person. 4. What kind of life did the rich person want in the afterlife? The same as in his lifetime.

3. Now write down the similarities and differences between the beliefs of rich and poor people. SimilaritiesDifferences 1. They both believed in life after death. 1. There were many more goods in the rich person's grave than in the poor person's grave.

SimilaritiesDifferences 2. They both had their bodies preserved. 2. The rich person was buried in a special building but the poor person was not.

SimilaritiesDifferences 3. They both had goods in the grave for the journey to the afterlife. 3. The rich person had help for the journey to the afterlife but the poor person did not.

INTERVIEWING “THE FATHER OF ARCHAEOLOGY” Wang Wei, a Chinese student is interviewing Professor Flinders Petrie about his work in Egypt. LISTENING TASK

WW: Hello, Professor Petrie. Could you please tell me why you want to dig poor archaeological sites in Egypt instead of looking for new tombs of Egyptian pharaohs?

FP: I suppose it was an accident really. When I went there most people were looking for new tombs of the pharaohs. I decided to investigate the life of poorer people as nobody else seemed interested in them! WW: What sorts of things did you find out?

FP: What I found was that poorer people built their houses with mud bricks. They used pottery for their cooking and storing things. I also found that poor people as well as rich people believed in a life after death.

They buried their dead family members in the sand with pots full of food ready to take on the journey to the afterlife. WW: They also wanted to preserve the bodies very well. Why's that?

FP: Because they believed the spirit of one's body went on the journey to the afterlife. So it was important to look after the body carefully after one was dead. WW: Did you find out anything about this journey?

FP: Not from the poorer people’s graves. But we found the journey painted on the walls of the pyramids of the pharaohs and the inside of the coffins of rich Egyptians. Later rich people described this journey in books they left in coffins.

They are called “The Book of the Dead” and although they were written in rolls of paper, you can still see them today. They tell you how to overcome evil gods and monsters on the journey to the afterlife and what to expect when you came to the Hall of Judgement.

WW: Was there a test of some kind? FP: Yes, you had to prove the quality of your life by weighing your heart against a feather. If your heart was lighter it meant you had led a good life and so you could enter the afterlife and live forever. But if it was not,

you’d be eaten by the God Anubis and disappear forever. WW: My goodness. I'm sure that made people behave themselves... (fade out)

1. Do some reading on P Try to work out the answers to the questions in Ex.2, P83. Homework