The Renaissance 1300 – 1500, 14th – 16thcentury. Re-Birth, (1) revival of learning based on classical sources (Greece and Rome), (2) Courtly and papal patronage, wealthy nobles, kings, and Popes, commissioned art pieces to be created for them, and (3) Development of perspective, or dimension in art, not just a flat object.

Filippo Brunelleschi, Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence, Italy Notice how the church is built to resemble a cross. The next slide shows it a little better. This is considered pre-Renaissance, but the actual construction was finished during the Renaissance. Construction started in 1296 and took 170 years to complete. Church holds 30,000 people.

Duomo, Filippo Brunelleschi Dome was started in 1420 and completed in 1436.

Leonardo da Vinci Self Portrait 1512 - 1515 1452 – 1519, scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, painter, sculptor, architect, musician, and artist. He has no surname, Vinci was the place of his birth. Da Vinci = of Vinci. Is considered “THE RENAISSANCE MAN”

Leonardo’s Mirror Writing “backwards” Leonardo wrote from right to left. A few theories: (1) Hard for people to steal his ideas (2) Hiding controversial ideas from the church (3) was left handed, didn’t want to smudge the paper as he was writing and dragging his hand across. Leonardo’s Mirror Writing “backwards”

“Virtruvian Man” Leonardo The Accademia Venice, Italy Blend of art and science. Expresses the Renaissance ideas of proportion and perfection of the human form. Used an ancient Roman document by Vitruvius, that gave the precise measurements of the male form.

“Helicopter” Leonardo “Cross Bow” Leonardo

“Embryo” Leonardo “Human Anatomy” Leonardo

“Madonna of the Rocks” Leonardo (National Gallery, London)‏ Egyptian scene of Mary with Baby Jesus, John the Baptist, and an angel. Leonardo completed an almost identical painting called the “Virgin of the Rocks” which is located in the Louvre, Paris, France, which is also featured in the Da Vinci Code.

“The Virgin of the Rocks” Leonardo (Louvre, Paris)‏ Believed to be the earlier version of the painting.

Can you see the differences??? Madonna left and Virgin right.

The Louvre Paris, France “Mona Lisa” Leonardo The Louvre Paris, France Oil painting on wood. Began in 1503 and took 4 years to complete. Pyramid design, light and dark…detail in the mouth suggests an affair? No facial hair, people use to pluck hairs, they believed them unsightly. Also much contrast with the light on the right side and the dark on the left. First painting to seem as though there is a back round (or that she is sitting in from of a backdrop)‏

“The Last Supper” Leonardo da Vinci Frescoe, depicting the final days of Jesus’ life. It is the scene and the reaction after Jesus tells his disciples that someone will betray him. Judas, the betrayer, is in green. The figure next to Jesus is up for much debate. “The Last Supper” Leonardo da Vinci Santa Maria delle Grazie- Milan, Italy

Michelangelo “Michelangelo” by Daniele da Volterra 1475 – 1564, painter, sculptor, architect, poet, and engineer. Also considered a “Renaissance Man” “Michelangelo” by Daniele da Volterra

St. Peter’s Basilica, Vatican City Marble sculpture. Mary holding Jesus’ body after the crucifixion. Out of proportion, impossible for Mary to be holding a dead mans body this way, in a cradle position. “Pieta” Michelangelo St. Peter’s Basilica, Vatican City

The Accademia, Florence, Italy “David” Michelangelo The Accademia, Florence, Italy 1501 – 1504, 17 ft tall marble statue. Biblical King David before he decides to kill Golthiah. Upper body slightly out of proportion.

Detail in the hand. And it is slightly larger than it should be Detail in the hand! And it is slightly larger than it should be. Michelangelo started with his hand out of one giant piece of marble. 3 months to finish the hand.

Slingshot over his shoulder Slingshot over his shoulder. Notice the face and hair are not as detailed as his hand, more Greco-Roman than Renaissance style.

Aerial View of Vatican City and St. Peter’s Piazza Notice the cross shape and the square is suppose to resemble a key leading into the church (Sistine Chapel). Vatican City is the smallest independent nation in the world. 108 acres and the Pope is the head of state. Approximately 100 football fields.

The Sistine Chapel Vatican City 1508, Pope Julius II asked Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. Completed in 1512. Used his own scaffolding system to reach and be able to paint comfortably.

Ceiling illustrates the Genesis story, first book of the Bible Ceiling illustrates the Genesis story, first book of the Bible. The center panel is the creation of Adam, the first male. There are over 300 different figures depicted. “Creation of Adam” Center Panel of ceiling in the Sistine Chapel, The Genesis Story

The Sistine Chapel Ceiling, “Creation of Adam” Michelangelo

The Sistine Chapel back wall “The Last Judgment” Michelangelo 1535 – 1541, depicts the 2ndcoming and the apocalypse, end of times. Self portrait of Michelangelo in the flayed skin St. Bartholomew is holding, to the right of Jesus. The Sistine Chapel back wall “The Last Judgment” Michelangelo

St. Peter’s Basilica Vatican City 1546 Michelangelo chosen as the chief architect and he designed the dome. St. Peter’s Basilica Vatican City

The Basilica's Dome

Aerial view of St. Peter’s piazzo Designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini More aerial and key. Aerial view of St. Peter’s piazzo Designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini

St. Peter’s Basilica, Vatican City (Rome)‏ 5.7 acres, holds 60,000 people Designed by Michelangelo

Raphael Self Portrait 1483 – 1520, painter and architect

“The School of Athens” Raphael Apostolic Palace, Vatican City 1509 – 1510, depicts the most famous and prestigious thinkers from ancient Greece. In reality these people would have never been in the same room at the same time.

Alexander the Great Raphael Socrates Pythagoras Euclid Plato Aristotle Alexander the Great: Macedonian King, takes over Greece and creates world empire, opening the great Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Egypt Socrates: Greek Philosopher, father of Western Philosophy, sentenced to death by drinking hemlock. Pupil was Plato. Pythagoras: Greek mathematician and philosopher, developed the Pythagorean Theorem Plato: Pupil of Socrates, founder of the Academy, a school to train future government officials. Aristotle: Student of Plato and tutor to Alexander the Great, developed the early scientific method and ways to classify plants and animals Euclid: Greek, but did his best work in Alexandria, Egypt, developed modern day geometry. Ptolemy: took over ruling part of Alexander’s empire after his death, great scientist and thinker Pythagoras Euclid Plato Aristotle Ptolemy

“Cherubs” Raphael Dresden, Germany 1513 – 1514, part of another piece of art work called “The Sistine Madonna” “Cherubs” Raphael Dresden, Germany

“The Sistine Madonna” Raphael Dresden, Germany

Donatello Self Bust 1386 – 1466, artist and sculptor

Palazzo del Popolo, Florence, Italy “David” Donatello First free standing bronze sculpture. Youthful and almost feminine, compared to Michelangelo’s David.

Botticelli Self Portrait 1445 – 1510, painter

“The Birth of Venus” Botticelli Uffizi Gallery, Florence, Italy Pagan religious symbol, unlike most art at this time. Goddess Venus emerging from the sea. “The Birth of Venus” Botticelli Uffizi Gallery, Florence, Italy

“The Cestello Annunciation” Botticelli Uffizi Gallery, Florence, Italy 1489 – 1490, gives you a look through the room using perspective. Angel Gabrielle telling Mary she will be carrying the child of God.

Albrecht Durer Self Portrait 1500 1471 – 1528, painter, printmaker, and mathematician. Born in Nuremberg, Germany.

1508, Durer’s brother Albert’s hands, flipped a coin to decide who would go to art school. Durer won and his brother supported him through art school. When finished Durer went back to his brother and told him it was his turn and he said no, his hands were too sore and broken to complete masterpieces. To thank his brother he painted his hands. “Praying Hands” Durer

Jan Van Eyck Self Portrait “Man in Turban” 1433 1385 – 1441, Flemish painter. Painted in the late Middle Ages.

“The Arnolfini Portrait” Van Eyck, National Gallery, London 1434, bedroom of a wealthy couple in Belgium. Seems to look pregnant, though it is believe to just be how women dressed then. Van Eyck signed over the mirror, you can also see in the mirror 2 people watching the couple, possibly signifying 2 witness to their wedding? “The Arnolfini Portrait” Van Eyck, National Gallery, London

“The Ghent Altarpiece: The Adoration of Mystic Lamb” Van Eyck 1432, 12 panels. Adam and Eve on either side. Jesus in the middle, with Mary to the left and John the Baptist to the right. And angels in between. The larger bottom panel has the biblical symbols of a dove and lambs. “The Ghent Altarpiece: The Adoration of Mystic Lamb” Van Eyck St. Baron, Ghent, Belgium

El Greco Self Portrait “Portrait of an Old Man” 1595 1541 – 1614, Born on the island of Crete, but lived in Spain during the Renaissance. Painter, sculptor, and architect.

“View of Toledo” El Greco Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City Painted in the mannerist style, which has exaggerated lines and scenes.

THE END