EXPLAIN THE CONVERSION FROM MICROPON TO LOUDSPEAKER UNDERSTAND NATURE SIGNAL AUDIO By Sarbini, S.Pd (SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta)

Teknologi dan Rekayasa LOUDSPEAKER 1.THE BASIC OF LOUDSPEAKER Loudspeaker, speaker or speaker system is a transduser elektroacoustical change the electrical signals to sound. Speaker to bring electrical signals and change them back into vibrasi-vibrasi to produce a physical wave-wave sound. Enclosure is an important part of sound production because of the following problems associated with direct radiation loudspeaker.

Teknologi dan Rekayasa The most important part of the loudspeaker:  Conus  Suspensi,  Voice coil  Magnet.  Changes in the magnetic fields causes the speaker coil moves as a result of the reaction have not participated current. Conus moving voice coil due to moving around so that the air will Conus pressure waves. This is the sound waves as sound.

Teknologi dan Rekayasa

 Loudspeaker work’s

Teknologi dan Rekayasa 2. LOUDSPEAKER RESONANCES  Membrane Loudspeaker type must snag it direct radiation, so are free to vibras  Membrane protrusion is resilient, so it does not impede the resonance frequency of the order of speaker membrane.  Resonance frequency of this membrane-free margin voice responds with the signal strength of the approach frequency vibrasi original.

Teknologi dan Rekayasa 3. LOUDSPEAKER COUPLING ON AIR  Speaker has matching Impedance weakened against the air  Besides loss of bass is not fun, efficiency speakers around 3-5% compared to the loudspeaker that is designed well (kind of horn efficiency 25 to 50%). loudspeaker Illustration has a similar problem when tried to tap the sound energy in the air

Teknologi dan Rekayasa 4. MATCHING IMPEDANCY AGAINST AIR Cone type speakers have direct radiation efficiency is low because of the suitability of the air Impedance control is weak. MATCHING IMPEDANCY AGAINST AIR

Teknologi dan Rekayasa  The loudspeaker enclosure without a voice in the long waves longer diameter of the loudspeaker is very weak.  For speaker diameters 8 ", with the same wavelength about the frequency of 1700 Hz  Speaker for 16 "diameter with the same wavelength at 850 Hz.  This is the reason why a speaker is the best type of cone must have an enclosure to produce a good sound.  Enclosure size increase effective loudspeaker

Teknologi dan Rekayasa 5. DETAIL LOUDSPEAKER  Engineering design work a very large building of the present design is a dynamic speaker.  A sound Koil is placed so that can move freely in the field magnit of permanent magnit strong.  Cone speaker is included in the sound coil and included the flexible ring and was placed outside the speaker's support.

Teknologi dan Rekayasa  Because there are limits of "home" or equilibrium position for the speaker cone and order placement elastic, the resonance frequency of the existence of the cone can not be ignored.  Frequency can be determined with the mass and stiffness to controll cone and sound spool and this expanded with the construction of nature, but the mechanical natural frequency of vibration and frequency levels are always in the range of frequency around the resonance  The role of the enclosure is a good influence to minimize resonance frequency

Teknologi dan Rekayasa 6. THE TYPES OF ENCLOSURE  Production requires high fidelitas loudspeaker speaker dienclose because of a number of basic attributes loudspeaker.  Dynamic single loudspeaker in a closed box akan improve sound quality dramatically. Jenis-Jenis Enclosures

Teknologi dan Rekayasa  Modern loudspeaker enclosure generally includes various loudspeaker with a network cross over to the frequency response, a more uniform approach across the range of audio frequencies.  Other techniques to expand the scope of bass loudspeaker enclosure is used with bass reflex.

Teknologi dan Rekayasa 7. VARIOUS DRIVERS USE IN LOUDSPEAKER  With a good Enclosure, single loudspeaker can not be expected to provide the optimal balance of sound that can sound spectrum. mono loudspeaker is also driver.  Driver size of more than 8 "to handle the usual low frequency (bass) called Woofer.

Teknologi dan Rekayasa  Drivers who used to handle high frequency called Tweeter.  In the 2 way loudspeaker system, found Tweeter and Woofer.  At the 3 way loudspeaker system, there Woofer, Tweeter and Midrange.  Bass speaker Impedance should be able to adjust efficiently to the air (Woofer), should also be given more power because the signal to control a large mass.  Signal with a frequency that would be distributed according to the speaker with a cross over network.

Teknologi dan Rekayasa 8. CROSS OVER Cross purposes over :  Crossover is made to change the frequency of certain  To limit the "frequency range" will be received by the speaker.  Crossover is used to set the flow to the tweeter to the midrange, midwoofer, and bass to the subwoofer.

Teknologi dan Rekayasa There are two types of crossover: 1. Passive crossover: Work after obtaining the output of amplifier (less than effective as removing power amplifier), because the frequency of the passive crossover has been processed in the "boost" (increased) by the amplifier.

Teknologi dan Rekayasa 2. Active Crossover: The process works: 1. Signal generated by the head unit (pure signal), 2. Divided in accordance with the desired frequency 3. Strengthened (boost) by the amplifier (amplifier effisien more work, and the resulting frequency is more in line with the needs of each) (tweeter, midrange, Woofer, subwoofer)

Teknologi dan Rekayasa Lack of active crossover:  The use of +12 V power, ground, and remote. In theory this can cause "noise" on the audio system,  How to overcome with the appropriate, the use of good quality products such as on each "competition-level car audio system".  Only to increase little quality audio, with just passive crossover. But if want to increase the quality of sound downright good choose active crossover.  Active crossover requires a specific installation especially for the power cable and ground cable. Active crossover works by "cutting" a frequency that is not necessary before the "boost" by the amplifier so the amplifier can focus on the desired frequency, so do not discard the energy power.