Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.1 W e e k 1 1 CONCEPT OF INFORMATION SYSTEM

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.2 THE CHANGING BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT GLOBALIZATION INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES TRANSFORMATION OF THE ENTERPRISE *

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.3 GLOBALIZATION MANAGEMENT & CONTROL COMPETITION IN WORLD MARKETS GLOBAL WORK GROUPS GLOBAL DELIVERY SYSTEMS *

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.4 INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMIES PRODUCTIVITY NEW PRODUCTS & SERVICES KNOWLEDGE AS AN ASSET TIME-BASED COMPETITION SHORTER PRODUCT LIFE TURBULENT ENVIRONMENT LIMITED EMPLOYEE KNOWLEDGE BASE *

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.5 TRANSFORMATION OF ENTERPRISE FLATTENING DECENTRALIZATION FLEXIBILITY LOCATION INDEPENDENCE LOW TRANSACTION COSTS EMPOWERMENT COLLABORATIVE WORK *

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.6 EMERGENCE OF THE DIGITAL FIRM DIGITALLY-ENABLED RELATIONSHIPS WITH CUSTOMERS, SUPPLIERS, EMPLOYEES CORE BUSINESS PROCESSES VIA DIGITAL NETWORKS DIGITAL MANAGEMENT OF KEY ASSETS RAPID SENSING & RESPONDING TO CHANGE *

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.7 LABOR FORCE COMPOSITION

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.8 COMPUTER FOR CONSTRUCTION? Normative cost per unit value Construction Automobiles Aircraft Computer Year

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.9 SYSTEM INPUTOUTPUTPROCESS FEEDBACK

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.10 FUNCTIONS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM INPUTOUTPUTPROCESS FEEDBACK INFORMATION SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT Customers Suppliers Regulatory Stockholders Competitors Agencies ORGANIZATION

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.11 DATA & INFORMATION DATA: STREAMS OF RAW FACTS REPRESENTING EVENTS SUCH AS BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS INFORMATION: CLUSTERS OF FACTS MEANINGFUL & USEFUL TO HUMAN BEINGS IN PROCESSES SUCH AS MAKING DECISIONS *

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.12 COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CBIS) FORMAL SYSTEMS FIXED DEFINITIONS OF DATA, PROCEDURES COLLECTING, STORING, PROCESSING, DISSEMINATING, USING DATA *

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.13 INFORMATION SYSTEMS ORGANIZATIONSTECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SYSTEMS

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.14 ORGANIZATIONS PEOPLE: Managers, knowledge workers, data workers, production or service workers STRUCTURE: Organization chart, groups of specialists, products, geography *

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.15 ORGANIZATIONS OPERATING PROCEDURES: Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), rules for action POLITICS: Power to persuade, get things done CULTURE: Customs of behavior *

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.16 MAJOR BUSINESS FUNCTIONS SALES & MARKETING MANUFACTURING FINANCE ACCOUNTING HUMAN RESOURCES *

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.17 COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY HARDWARE SOFTWARE STORAGE COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS *

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.18 SOCIOLOGY POLITICAL SCIENCE PSYCHOLOGY COMPUTERSCIENCE OPERATIONSRESEARCH MANAGEMENTSCIENCE TECHNICAL APPROACHES APPROACHES TO INFO SYSTEMS MIS BEHAVIORAL APPROACHES

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.19 SOCIOTECHNICAL PERSPECTIVE OPTIMIZE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE: TECHNOLOGY & ORGANIZATION MUTUALLY ADJUST TO ONE ANOTHER UNTIL FIT IS SATISFACTORY *

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.20 SYSTEM INTERDEPENDENCE BUSINESS Strategy Strategy Rules Rules Procedures Procedures ORGANIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEM HARDWARE SOFTWAREDATABASE TELE- COMMUNICATIONS INTERDEPENDENCE

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung s: TECHNICAL CHANGES 60s-70s: MANAGERIAL CONTROL 80s-90s: INSTITUTIONAL CORE ACTIVITIES GROWING IMPORTANCE * SCOPE OF INFO SYSTEMS

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.22 NEW OPTIONS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN FLATTENING ORGANIZATIONS SEPARATING WORK FROM LOCATION REORGANIZING WORK-FLOWS INCREASING FLEXIBILITY REDEFINING ORGANIZATIONAL BOUNDARIES *

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.23 TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS DATA WORKERS KIND OF SYSTEM GROUPS SERVED STRATEGIC LEVEL SENIOR MANAGERS STRATEGIC LEVEL SENIOR MANAGERS MANAGEMENT LEVEL MIDDLE MANAGERS OPERATIONAL OPERATIONAL LEVEL MANAGERS OPERATIONAL OPERATIONAL LEVEL MANAGERS KNOWLEDGE LEVEL KNOWLEDGE & SALES & MANUFACTURING FINANCE ACCOUNTING HUMAN RESOURCESMARKETING

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.24 MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (ESS) DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS) MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (MIS) KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS (KWS) OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS (OAS) TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS (TPS) *

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.25 TYPICAL TPS APPLICATIONS Sales & Marketing Systems MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF SYSTEMS: Sales management, market research, promotion, pricing, new products MAJOR APPLICATION SYSTEMS: Sales order info system, market research system, pricing system *

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.26 TYPICAL TPS APPLICATIONS Manufacturing & Production Systems MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF SYSTEMS: Scheduling, purchasing, shipping, receiving, engineering, operations MAJOR APPLICATION SYSTEMS: Materials resource planning systems, purchase order control systems, engineering systems, quality control systems *

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.27 TYPICAL TPS APPLICATIONS Finance & Accounting Systems MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF SYSTEMS: Budgeting, general ledger, billing, cost accounting MAJOR APPLICATION SYSTEMS: General ledger, accounts receivable, accounts payable, budgeting, funds management systems *

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.28 TYPICAL TPS APPLICATIONS Human Resources Systems MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF SYSTEMS: Personnel records, benefits, compensation, labor relations, training MAJOR APPLICATION SYSTEMS: Payroll, employee records, benefit systems, career path systems, personnel training systems *

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.29 TYPICAL TPS APPLICATIONS Other Types (e.g., University) MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF SYSTEMS: Admissions, grade records, course records, alumni MAJOR APPLICATION SYSTEMS: Registration system, student transcript system, curriculum class control system, alumni benefactor system *

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.30 KNOWLEDGE LEVEL INPUTS: DESIGN SPECS PROCESSING: MODELLING OUTPUTS: DESIGNS, GRAPHICS USERS: TECHNICAL STAFF EXAMPLE: ENGINEERING WORK STATION KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS (KWS)

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.31 OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS (OAS) TOWARD A “PAPERLESS” OFFICE REDESIGN OF WORK FLOW INTEGRATED SOFTWARE ERGONOMIC DESIGN BRIGHT, CHEERFUL WORK SPACE EXAMPLE: PRESENTATION GRAPHICS

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.32 MANAGEMENT LEVEL INPUTS: HIGH VOLUME DATA PROCESSING: SIMPLE MODELS OUTPUTS: SUMMARY REPORTS USERS: MIDDLE MANAGERS EXAMPLE: ANNUAL BUDGETING MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (MIS)

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.33 STRUCTURED & SEMI-STRUCTURED DECISIONS REPORT CONTROL ORIENTED PAST & PRESENT DATA INTERNAL ORIENTATION LENGTHY DESIGN PROCESS * MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (MIS)

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.34 MIS MIS FILES SALES DATA UNIT PRODUCT COST PRODUCT CHANGE DATA EXPENSE DATA MIS REPORTS MANAGERS TPS Order Processing System Materials Resource Planning System General Ledger System ORDER FILE PRODUCTION MASTER FILE ACCOUNTING FILES TPS DATA FOR MIS APPLICATIONS

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.35 MANAGEMENT LEVEL INPUTS: LOW VOLUME DATA PROCESSING: INTERACTIVE OUTPUTS: DECISION ANALYSIS USERS: PROFESSIONALS, STAFF EXAMPLE: CONTRACT COST ANALYSIS DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS)

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.36 FLEXIBLE, ADAPTABLE, QUICK USER CONTROLS INPUTS/OUTPUTS NO PROFESSIONAL PROGRAMMING SUPPORTS DECISION PROCESS SOPHISTICATED MODELING TOOLS * DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS)

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.37 STRATEGIC LEVEL INPUTS: AGGREGATE DATA PROCESSING: INTERACTIVE OUTPUTS: PROJECTIONS USERS: SENIOR MANAGERS EXAMPLE: 5 YEAR OPERATING PLAN EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (ESS)

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.38 TOP LEVEL MANAGEMENT DESIGNED TO THE INDIVIDUAL TIES CEO TO ALL LEVELS VERY EXPENSIVE TO KEEP UP EXTENSIVE SUPPORT STAFF * EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (ESS)

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.39 INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG SYSTEMS ESS TPS KWS OAS DSSMIS

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.40 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION Accounting and Payroll Cost Engineering Company and Project Finance Project Planning and Scheduling Material Management Equipment Management Office Administration Education and Training

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.41 CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING Estimating Productivity Improvement Operation Simulation Quality Assurance Surveying Computer-aided engineering analysis Computer-aided design and drafting

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.42 CONSTRUCTION AUTOMATION Automated Data Acquisition Automated Process Control and Robotics

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.43 AUTOMATED DATA ACQUISITION CPT

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.44 AUTOMATED PROCESS CONTROL 3DMC

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.45 ROBOTICS Robo-Wrapper

Muhamad AbduhInstitut Teknologi Bandung1.46 W e e k 1 1 CONCEPT OF INFORMATION SYSTEM