1 Norwegian Literature Einar Vannebo, Pre Viking Age (3000BC-750AD) Viking Age ( ) Middle Ages – Literary Old Norse ( ) Reformation/Humanism (1500s) Baroque (1600s) Enlightenment (1700s) Romanticism (1830s-1870) Realism (1870s) Naturalism (1880s) Neo-Romanticism/Symbolism (1890s) Neo-Realism ( ) Political radicalism/psychological realism ( ) Post-World War II( )
2 Pre-Viking Age (3000BC-750AD) Rock carvings Runes:Futhark older version 24 letters (200 inscriptions) younger version 16 letters (65 inscriptions)
3 Viking Age ( ) Christianity National kingdom (Saint Olav) Norwegian/Icelandic common heritage
4 Middle Ages –Literary Old Norse ( ) Eddic poetry (written down after 1270) Hàvamàl - practical morality Voluspà – cosmology Skaldic poetry – courtly poetry Literature in the service of the Church - Religious verse - Saints’ lives - Sermons Laws
5 Literary Old Norse ct Historical literature - Kings’ sagas Snorri Sturluson: Heimskringla - Family sagas (approx 30)
6 Medieval oral literature Ballads - Dream Ballad Legends Folk tales
7 Reformation/Humanism (1500s) Church under the sovereignty of the King Service in the vernacular Bible Hymns
8 Baroque (1600s) Hymns Ministers submitted reports to the King about the conditions in their district Petter Dass ( )
9 Enlightenment (1700s) Belief in reason, science, progress Ludvig Holberg ( ) - Poet, novelist, moral philosopher - playwright 26 comedies (Molière of the North) - Jeppe on the Hill
10 Romanticism (1830s-1870) Idealism Artist – genius History – growth ”Soul of the nation” 1814: National independence - Henrik Wergeland ( ) Creation, Man and Messiah
11 National Romanticism Quest for national identity Orientation to the past - National history: P.A. Munch - Folk tradition: Asbjørnsen and Moe - Language: Ivar Aasen National breakthrough History and folk tradition repository of motifs for contemporary authors - Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson ( ) - Henrik Ibsen ( )
12 Realism 1870s Modern breakthrough Take up contemporary problems for discussion Social, representative types Plays, novels The four great authors: Bjørnson, Ibsen, Alexander Kielland, Jonas Lie Poetocracy
13 Naturalism 1880s Heredity and environment - Amalie Skram ( ) The People of Hellemyr - Arne Garborg ( ) Peasant Students
14 Neo-Romaticism/Symbolism 1890s Complex characters rather than social types Irrationality, the unconscious New style: poetic, break with normal syntax - Knut Hamsun ( ) Hunger, Pan, Growth of the Soil
15 Neo-Realism ( ) Interaction social setting/human psychology Local setting, literary mapping of Norway Quest for national identity: 1905 Emphasis on moral and religious values Epic literature; historical novels - Sigrid Undset ( ) Kristin Lavransdatter - Olav Duun ( ) The People of Juvik
16 Political radicalism/psychological realism 1920s - Inspired by Freudianism and Marxism - Sigurd Hoel ( )
17 Post World War II Psychological realism ( ) - Sigurd Hoel Meeting at the Milestone - Johan Borgen Lillelord-trilogy Modernism (mid 1960s -) Profile group: Dag Solstad Social Realism Feminist literature (1970s -) - Dag Solstad - Bjørg Vik
18 Post World War II Fantastic literature Language conscious literature (1980s) - Kjartan Fløgstad - Jan Kjærstad The eternal life of the narrative (1990s -) - Biographies - Novels exploring roots and cultural traditions Herbjørg Wassmo, Roy Jacobsen, Lars Saabye Christensen