MINOR LOSSES Sambungan Pipa (fittings): Flow through run Flow through branch Return bend 45o elbow 90o elbow 45o street elbow 90o street elbow 90o long radius elbow Katup (valves): Globe valve Gate valve Butterfly valve Angle valve Foot valve Ball valve Check valve Enlargement : Sudden enlargement Gradual enlargement Contraction : Sudden constraction Gradual constraction Exit loss Entrance loss K = koefisien tahanan (resistance coefficient) Le = Panjang ekivalen fT = faktor gesekan pada turbulen penuh

Sudden Enlargement

Gradual Enlargement

Sudden Construction

Gradual Construction

Entrance Loss Exit Loss

Globe Valve Gate Valve Butterfly Valve Ball Valve Angle Valve Check Valve

Foot Valve Poopet disk Foot Valve Hinged disk

Fitting

Kekasaran pada berbagai jenis pipa