Max Tegmark University of Pennsylvania Max Tegmark University of Pennsylvania MEASURING THE UNIVERSE
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Who cares? WHO CARES ABOUT COSMOLOGY? Particle physicists: - Is there dark matter? Massive neutrinos, wimps, axions or something else? - Did inflation happen? Can we learn about physics at very high energies? General relativists: - Did inflation produce gravity waves? - What is the geometry of the Universe? Numerical simulators: - Only need to run the code once, not for umpteen cosmological models People on the street - Will there be a big crunch? - How did it all begin? - Are there infinitely many other stars? Observers: - What is the correct age, distance and size for the objects being studied?
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Onion
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 WHAT DO WE WANT TO MEASURE?
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Onion Tegmark 2002, Science, 296,
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Budget h 2 b = Matter Budget Early Universe Gastrophysics = h 2 c = h 2 = h 2 = k = (95% limits) Scalar normalization Q ~ 10 5 Scalar tilt n = Running of tilt = ? Tensor normalization R < 0.2 Tensor tilt n T = ?.10 Is cosmology solved? We still have no clue what 95% of all stuff is made of! Reionization optical depth Galaxy bias b ~ 1 (for 2dF L*) Hubble parameter.07 h= THOSE PESKY PARAMETERS: WERE ZEROING IN! (August 2002) (Post-CBI parameters from Xiaomin Wang)
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Our tools
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Smorga sbord
The cosmic plan: LECTURE 1: Cosmology primer: Review of the basics of modern cosmology (basic cosmological storyline, inflation, nucleosynthesis, recombination, structure formation, etc) to get everybody up to speed on the foundations underlying the other lectures. LECTURE 2: Cosmic microwave background: The basics of acoustic oscillations, how different cosmological parameters affect the CMB, summary of current and upcoming experiments. LECTURE 3: Galaxy clustering: The basics of structure formation, how different cosmological parameters affect the matter power spectrum P(k), summary of current and upcoming galaxy surveys. LECTURE 4: Other cosmological probes, outlook: Gravitational lensing, Lyman alpha forest, supernovae Ia, latest constraints on cosmological parameters, open questions, my speculations about what will be exciting areas for future research.
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 I. OVERVIEW OF THE BASICS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Big Bang Zoom Higher order: gastrophysics 0th order: a(t) 1st order: g(z,k)
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Measuring a(t)
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Boom zoom Tegmark 2001
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Boom zoom SN Ia Tegmark 2001
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Boom zoom SN Ia Tegmark 2001 NOW SNAP See also Wang & Garnavich 2001
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Big Bang Zoom Higher order: gastrophysics 0th order: a(t) 1st order: g(z,k)
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 People CMB
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 FFT CMB
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Saskato on Zoom CMB May 23, 2002: New CBI & VSA results
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Saskato on Zoom CMB May 23, 2002: New CBI & VSA results Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Boom zoom Tegmark 2001
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies LSS Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies LSS Clusters Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB LSS Clusters Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB Ly LSS Clusters Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB Ly LSS Clusters Lensing Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 END OF LECTURE I
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 II. CMB
The cosmic plan: LECTURE 1: Cosmology primer: Review of the basics of modern cosmology (basic cosmological storyline, inflation, nucleosynthesis, recombination, structure formation, etc) to get everybody up to speed on the foundations underlying the other lectures. LECTURE 2: Cosmic microwave background: The basics of acoustic oscillations, how different cosmological parameters affect the CMB, summary of current and upcoming experiments. LECTURE 3: Galaxy clustering: The basics of structure formation, how different cosmological parameters affect the matter power spectrum P(k), summary of current and upcoming galaxy surveys. LECTURE 4: Other cosmological probes, outlook: Gravitational lensing, Lyman alpha forest, supernovae Ia, latest constraints on cosmological parameters, open questions, my speculations about what will be exciting areas for future research.
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Big Bang Zoom Higher order: gastrophysics 0th order: a(t) 1st order: g(z,k)
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Boom zoom SN Ia Tegmark 2001 NOW SNAP See also Wang & Garnavich 2001
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies LSS Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies LSS Clusters Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB LSS Clusters Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB Ly LSS Clusters Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB Ly LSS Clusters Lensing Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Onion
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Boom zoom CMB De Bernardis et al 2000, Lange et al 2000 BOOMERaNG
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Boom zoom CMB De Bernardis et al 2000, Lange et al 2000
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Boom zoom CMB Tegmark, Jr., 2001
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Smorga sbord CMB DASI
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Smorga sbord CBI
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Smorga sbord CBI
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Smorga sbord CMB VSA
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 MAP Labeled MAP SATELLITE
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Map simo CMB Hinshaw GHz simulation with 0.2 deg resolution
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Saskato on Zoom CMB May 23, 2002: New CBI & VSA results
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 no_expe riments CMB CMB POWER SPECTRUM DETECTIONS AS OF 1/1 1992
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Saskato on Zoom CMB May 23, 2002: New CBI & VSA results
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Saskato on Zoom CMB May 23, 2002: New CBI & VSA results Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
CMB effects:
Linear perturbation growth
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Big Bang Zoom
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 History CMB (Figure from Wayne Hu)
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Onion
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Big Bang Zoom 0th order: a(t) 1st order: g(z,k)
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 History CMB (Figure from Wayne Hu)
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Boom Box CMB + LSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB + LSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB + LSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB + LSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB + LSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 END OF LECTURE II
The cosmic plan: LECTURE 1: Cosmology primer: Review of the basics of modern cosmology (basic cosmological storyline, inflation, nucleosynthesis, recombination, structure formation, etc) to get everybody up to speed on the foundations underlying the other lectures. LECTURE 2: Cosmic microwave background: The basics of acoustic oscillations, how different cosmological parameters affect the CMB, summary of current and upcoming experiments. LECTURE 3: Galaxy clustering: The basics of structure formation, how different cosmological parameters affect the matter power spectrum P(k), summary of current and upcoming galaxy surveys. LECTURE 4: Other cosmological probes, outlook: Gravitational lensing, Lyman alpha forest, supernovae Ia, latest constraints on cosmological parameters, open questions, my speculations about what will be exciting areas for future research.
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Paid advertisement: Come to Penn!
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB + LSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB + LSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB + LSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB + LSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB + LSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB + LSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB + LSS
Acoustic oscillations: (Figure courtesy of Wayne Hu)
CMB effects:
CMB lensing:
The Rees-Sciama effect:
CMB effects:
OV effect
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Large-scale structure
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Boom zoom CMB Boomerang Virgo LCDM simulation
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Boom zoom CMB Boomerang 2dF galaxies
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies LSS Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 APO SDSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 SDSS Telesco pe SDSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 SDSS Zoom SDSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Cmbgg OmOl Sky coverage of SDSS redshift survey (Aitoff projection, equatorial coordinates) (Dust map fromSchlegel, Finkbeiner & Davis)
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Boom zoom Tegmark 2001
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies LSS Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Boom Box CMB + LSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB + LSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB + LSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB + LSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB + LSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB + LSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB + LSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB + LSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB + LSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB + LSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB + LSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 END OF LECTURE III
The cosmic plan: LECTURE 1: Cosmology primer: Review of the basics of modern cosmology (basic cosmological storyline, inflation, nucleosynthesis, recombination, structure formation, etc) to get everybody up to speed on the foundations underlying the other lectures. LECTURE 2: Cosmic microwave background: The basics of acoustic oscillations, how different cosmological parameters affect the CMB, summary of current and upcoming experiments. LECTURE 3: Galaxy clustering: The basics of structure formation, how different cosmological parameters affect the matter power spectrum P(k), summary of current and upcoming galaxy surveys. LECTURE 4: Other cosmological probes, outlook: Gravitational lensing, Lyman alpha forest, supernovae Ia, latest constraints on cosmological parameters, open questions, my speculations about what will be exciting areas for future research.
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Measuring parameters
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Boom Box CMB + LSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Constraints on dark matter
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Cmbgg obns Wang, Tegmark & Zaldarriaga 2001
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Cmbgg obns Wang, Tegmark & Zaldarriaga 2001
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Cmbgg obns Wang, Tegmark & Zaldarriaga 2001
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Cmbgg obns Wang, Tegmark & Zaldarriaga
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Cmbgg obns Wang, Tegmark & Zaldarriaga
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Constraints on neutrinos
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 cmbgg
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Constraints on dark energy
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Cmbgg OmOl CMB Tegmark, Zaldarriaga & Hamilton 2000
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Cmbgg OmOl CMB Tegmark, Zaldarriaga & Hamilton LSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Cmbgg OmOl CMB Tegmark, Zaldarriaga & Hamilton LSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Cmbgg OmOl CMB Tegmark, Zaldarriaga & Hamilton LSS
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Budget h 2 b = Matter Budget Early Universe Gastrophysics = h 2 c = h 2 = h 2 = k = (95% limits) Scalar normalization Q ~ 10 5 Scalar tilt n = Running of tilt = ? Tensor normalization R < 0.2 Tensor tilt n T = ?.10 Is cosmology solved? We still have no clue what 95% of all stuff is made of! Reionization optical depth Galaxy bias b ~ 1 (for 2dF L*) Hubble parameter.07 h= THOSE PESKY PARAMETERS: WERE ZEROING IN! (December 2001)
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Smorga sbord They hunted till darkness came on, but they found Not a button, or feather, or mark, By which they could tell that they stood on the ground Where the Baker had met with the Snark. In the midst of the word he was trying to say, In the midst of his laughter and glee, He had softly and suddenly vanished away For the Snark was a Boojum, you see. The Hunting of the Snark/Missing Mass by Lewis Carroll […]
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Smorga sbord
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies LSS Clusters Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Measuring P(k) with CMB
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Saskato on Zoom CMB May 23, 2002: New CBI & VSA results Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies LSS Clusters Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB LSS Clusters Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Measuring P(k) with the Ly F
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Croft LyA Croft et al 2000 Ly
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Boom zoom Lyman Alpha Forest Simulations: Dave, Hernquist, Katz & Weinberg 1999 Ly
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Croft LyA Reanalysis of Croft et al (astro-ph/ ) by Hamilton & Gredin (astro-ph/ ) Ly
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB LSS Clusters Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB Ly LSS Clusters Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Measuring P(k) with weak lensing
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Boom zoom Lensing Gravitational lensing
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Boom zoom Lensing
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Boom zoom Lensing
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 distorti on Lensing
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Boom zoom Van Waerbeke et al 2000, astro-ph/ Lensing
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Boom zoom Lensing Hoekstra et al 2002, astro-ph/ (53 square degrees!)
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies Lensing Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies Lensing Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB Ly LSS Clusters Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB Ly LSS Clusters Lensing Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Measuring the primordial power spectrum P * (k)
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB Ly LSS Clusters Lensing Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB + LSS Tegmark & Zaldarriaga 2002
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB + LSS Tegmark & Zaldarriaga 2002
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB + LSS Tegmark & Zaldarriaga 2002
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB + LSS Tegmark & Zaldarriaga 2002
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies Wrong baryon density: b =0.07 Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies Wrong baryon density: b =0.07 Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 1par movies CMB
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 Smorga sbord Beyond cosmological parameters, summary: Test the underlying physics rather than assuming it Cosmological functions rather than cosmological parameters Measure the free functions rather than parametrizing them in a way involving untested physical assumptions - a form of data compression Do observations disagree with each other or with theory? Data => Cosmological functions <= Theory
Max Tegmark Univ. of Pennsylvania Campos de Jordão September 2,2002 0th order 1st order