George H. Atkinson, Ph.D. Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary of State Science, Technology, Engineering And 21 st Century Foreign Policy

Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary (STAS) Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary Integrating Foreign Policy and Science S & T advancements have an immediate and enormous influence on economies and international relations S & T advancements have an immediate and enormous influence on economies and international relations Thus, many of the major issues that challenge our global societies demand scientifically sound policies Thus, many of the major issues that challenge our global societies demand scientifically sound policies In the increasingly global world, science must effectively inform foreign policy and foreign policy must effectively advance science In the increasingly global world, science must effectively inform foreign policy and foreign policy must effectively advance science

“In the 21 st century, American foreign policy must have a sound scientific foundation. And we must build on that foundation to stem the spread of infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDs, to stop proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, to lift people out of poverty, and lead states onto the path of sustainable development. Now more than ever, American science must enlighten American statecraft. But the partnership between science and statesmanship is a two-way street. American diplomacy must also help advance world science.” Secretary Powell – May 26, 2004 – U.S. Department of State Introduction of the first Jefferson Science Fellows Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary S&T in 21 st Century U.S. Foreign Policy

STAS Core Objectives Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary 1.Enhancing the S&T literacy and capacity of the DoS: increasing the number of scientists in the DoS and the exposure of non-scientist DoS personnel to S&T issues American Association for the Advancement of Science Fellowships Professional Science Society Fellowships American Institute of Physics, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, American Chemical Society Jefferson Science Fellowships S & T Student Internships (in the U.S and abroad) Embassy Science Fellows

CAPACITY BUILDING JEFFERSON SCIENCE FELLOWS PROGRAM (JSF) Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary Tenured U.S. academic research faculty come to the DoS for 1 year of service followed by 5 years of consultancy A new model for engaging the U.S. academic STE communities in the formulation and implementation of U.S. foreign policy - Creates a new relationship between the U.S. academic community and the U.S. Department of State. A public-private partnership between U.S. philanthropic foundations (MacArthur Foundation and Carnegie Corp.), the U.S. universities and the STE academic community, professional scientific societies, and the U.S. DoS. Over 60 U.S. universities have executed agreements with the DOS to participate in the JSF program.

CAPACITY BUILDING JEFFERSON SCIENCE FELLOWS PROGRAM (JSF) Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary Tenured U/S. academic research faculty come to the DoS for 1 year of service followed by 5 years of consultancy following their return to their academic careers The five Jefferson Science Fellows, selected from about 40 applicants, will begin in August, 2004 Dr. Julian Adams – U of Michigan – Evolutionary Biology Dr. Bruce Averill – U of Toledo – Biochemistry Dr. Melba Crawford – U of Texas at Austin – Remote Imaging Dr. David Eastmond – U of California at Riverside – Toxicology Dr. Kalidas Shetty – U of Massachusetts at Amherst - Microbiology

Nearly 500% increase in Science Fellows serving in State Department in Washington D.C. over a four year period

2003 AAAS Science and Professional Science Society Fellows (shaded in gray) Locations of AAAS Fellows in 2000

2. Building partnerships with the outside S&T community: throughout the USG, with partners abroad, and in foreign embassies in the US 3. Providing accurate S&T advice to the DoS: the Secretary of State, other senior DoS officials, and embassies on emerging and “at the horizon” S&T 4. Developing initiatives to enhance a “forward looking” international leadership by DoS on S&T issues: both current and future perspectives to create a “proactive, anticipatory” environment for decision making (contrasting “crisis management”) STAS Core Objectives nn Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary

Global Dialogue on Emerging Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary

GLOBAL DIALOGUE ON EMERGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (GDEST) Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary Scientific conferences held outside of the US to identify emerging S&T by convening US scientists with their international counterparts for topical discussions Focuses on emerging technology outside the US. GDEST conferences held only outside the US Specific research topics for each conference selected in recognition of existing or emerging strength of the S&T research community in the host country Participation includes ~15 selected distinguished US and ~ 15 host country senior scientists and/or engineers, but also junior (associate and assistant professors, postdoctoral researchers, and graduate students) scientists and engineers, whose attendance is facilitated by the host country. Event is open to public STAS provides funding to National Academies (NA) and the National Research Council (NRC) to design, organize, and conduct each GDEST conference

Japan  Sensors, Nanomaterials & Nanostructures  Alternative Energy  Biomedical engineering & Bioscience  Artificial Intelligence  Designer Materials  Massive Multiplayer Online Gaming (Simulation) Technology India  Biomedical engineering & Bioscience  Alternative Energy  Information Technology  Space Technology China  Biometrics & Genetics  Advanced Computer Technologies (HPCs and Grid Computing)  Nanotechnology  Bioinformatics Europe  Quantum Cryptography and Communications  Alternative Energy  Nanotechnology  Cyber Security LONG TERM POLICY GLOBAL DIALOGUE ON EMERGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (GDEST) Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary PRIORITY TOPICS Early

The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 2003 Contributions by Country The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 2003 Contributions by Country

Countries Contributing to JPC A ArgentinaAustraliaAustriaBelarusBelgiumBrazilBulgariaCanadaChileColombiaCroatia Czech Republic DenmarkFinlandFranceGermanyGreece Hong Kong HungaryIndiaIrelandIsrael Italy ItalyJapanKoreaLebanonLithuaniaMexicoMorrocoNetherlands New Zealand NorwayPoland PR China Puerto Rico Russia SlovakSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTaiwanTurkeyUkraineUruguay United Kingdom United States ( 41%) Venezuela Of the 12,543 pages published in 2003, 59% were contributed by authors working in countries outside the United States

Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary (STAS) Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary SCIENCE BENEFITS FROM INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND EXCHANGE Science (827 research papers) 37 % from outside the U.S. (63% U.S.) Consider 2003 publication data from other scientific journals Journal of Biological Chemistry (>53,000 pages) 55% foreign contributors (45% U.S.) Journals of the American Physical Society (14,687 papers) 71% foreign contributors (29% U.S.)

In 2001, students without permanent residence or citizenship (i.e., foreign students) comprised ~38% of the total enrollment in all graduate science and engineering programs in the U.S. Foreign students comprised more than 50% of the total enrollment in the following graduate fields (NSF data): Computer Sciences Aerospace Engineering Chemical Engineering Electrical Engineering Industrial Engineering Mechanical Engineering Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary FOREIGN GRADUATE STUDENTS IN THE U.S.

STAS WEBSITE Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary