Príčiny a dôsledky metabolickej alkalózy Peter Ďurec.

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Presentation transcript:

Príčiny a dôsledky metabolickej alkalózy Peter Ďurec

Alkalóza Stav keď pH krvi stúpne nad 7,45. Regulačné mechanizmy udržiavania stáleho pH v organizme (pri alkalóze zlyhávajú/ sú nedostatočné): – Pufry – Respiračná kompenzácia – Kompenzácia obličkami metabolickárespiračná veľa HCO 3 - nízke pCO 2

Príčiny metabolickej alkalózy Zvýšenie prísunu HCO3- a iných alkálii – Pri neadekvátnom množstve HCO3- v infúziách (obličky nefungujú), z antacidov (lieky proti páleniu záhy) Relatívne zvýšenie HCO3- pri dehydratácii Deplécia K+, H+, Cl- – Pri zvracaní, odsávaní žalúdočnej kyseliny nasogastrickou sondou – Deplécia K+ => pri hyperaldosteronizme, zvracaní

Hyperaldosteronizmus a hypokalémia Aldosterón stimuluje aj vylučovanie H+ pumpami

Deplécia K+ a resorpcia HCO3- Málo K+ v krvi Na/K ATPáza využíva namiesto K+ H+ H+ cez cytoplazmu preniká do moču V moči reaguje s resorbovaným HCO3- CO2 prenikne do bunky znovu sa zmení na HCO3-, ktorý je uvoľnený do krvi.

Deplécia Cl- a alkalóza

Dehydratácia a alkalóza Málo vody a znížený tlak Stimulácia Renin- angiotensínového systému Zvyšená resorpcia HCO3- Angiotensín zvyšuje aktivitu Na/H transportu v prox. tubule Aldosterón zvyšuje Sekréciu H+ a K+ vo A vmedzerených bunkách zberačských kanálov. alkalóza

Dôsledky metabolickej alkalózy Pľúca: Hypoventilácia (funguje len dovtedy kým nepoklesne pO2) Obličky: Zvýšená sekrécia HCO3- (beta vmedzerenými bunkami), znížená sekrécia H+ Nervový systém: zmätenosť, hyperaktívne reflexy (dôsledok hypokalémie), tetania Kardiovaskulárny systém: hypotenzia, dysrytmie (dôsledok hypokalémie) Biochemické testy: zvýšené pH, primárne zvýšená koncentrácia HCO3-, (kompenzačne) zvýšené pCO2

Tetania ako dôsledok alkalózy málo H+ v krvi Ca2+ sa viaže na plazmatické proteíny Namiesto H+ Menej Ca2+ interaguje s kanálmi pre Na+ v neurónoch Zvýšená excitabilita neurónov tetania

EKG a alkalóza EKG pri alkalóze je ako pri hypokalémii.

Zdroje použitej literatúry 1. Alkalosis April Khan | Medically Reviewed by George Krucik, MD Published on 18. červenec 2012 Online: Krucik, MD Online: 2. Carol Mattson Porth: Essentials of Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States (Point (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)) Second (1st) Edition Nečas, E.: Obecná patologická fyziologie, Karolinum Guyton, A. C.: Guyton & Hall textbook of medical Physiology 11th Edition, Elsevier 2006