Children No real system – some charities; some orphans sent to workhouses (think Oliver Twist!) 1906 – Free School Meals in some areas; by 1914 – 14m meals… but only ½ Local Authorities signed up 1907 – compuls. school medical service 1912 – School clinics -Choice of setting up free school meals left to Local Authorities… 50% don’t set these up The Old Charities; family; the workhouse People who could afford it would have their own private pensions 1908 – First Gov. pensions set up – over 70s receive 5 shillings a week; married couples receive 7 sh, 6p In 1 st year 650,000 people collect pensions -In 1908 most people dead before 70! -Married couples get less per person -Only for people living in Brit for 20+ years Unemployed & under- employed Some labour exchanges existed; run by vols.; unemp. could register to try to get work (like a Jobcentre today) 1909 – Libs set up Gov.-run Labour exchanges; by 1913 these exchanges were putting 3,000 people into work every day 1911 National Insurance Act – up to 15 weeks of unemployment 7 shillings a week -What to do if no labour exchange nearby? -No skills training (unlike Jobcentres today) -Unemployment pay only last 15 weeks The Sick Charities; families; the workhouse 1911 National Insurance Act – workers pay in 4p/week, employers adds 3p, Gov. adds 2p (“9p for 4p”) -Sick pay = 26 weeks at 10 shillings/week Group How helped before Libs What did Libs do Limitations of Lib Reforms

House of Commons contains MPs (650 in total) – voted for by local areas (e.g. Watford) House of Lords; in 1911 most Lords were hereditary; also some appointed by different PMs… most Lords = old & rich… so were very Conservative

Paper 2 Source Technique

90 minutes 8 sources – written AND picture sources 6 Qs: mix of [7] and [8] mark questions and one [12] marker Every Q will ask you to use the source and your OWN KNOWLEDGE

For every source, think… CONTENT (what you see) CONTEXT (what you know) PROVENANCE (when produced/written?) PURPOSE (why produced / written?)

A cartoon from 1909 called “Rich Fare” The writing underneath says… The Giant Lloyd-Gorgibuster: “Fe Fi Fo Fat, I smell the blood of a plutocrat; be he alive or be he dead, I’ll grind his bones to make my bread.” A plutocrat = a wealthy citizen

A cartoon from 1909 called “The Philanthropic Highwayman” The writing underneath says… Mr Lloyd-George: “I’ll make them pity the aged poor.” Note the motor cars – a new symbol of wealth- approaching in the distance… A philanthropist = someone who wants to help others