HOW DOES THE BODY TAKE IN AND GET RID OF NUTRIENTS AND INFORMATION?

RECALL : LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION Cells – the basic unit of life Tissues – clusters of cells performing a similar function Organs – made of tissues that perform one specific function Organ Systems – groups of organs that perform a specific purpose in the human body 8

IN-TAKE AND EXCRETORY ORGAN SYSTEMS In-takeRemove waste Digestive systemDigestive system Circulatory system Circulatory systemRespiratory system Excretory system 7

The Digestive System

Purpose: convert food so that it can be absorbed into the bloodstream Major Organs and their Functions: Mouth – to grind up food -- saliva begins chemical breakdown Esophagus – pipe connecting mouth to stomach Stomach – secretes strong acid (pH = 2) that leads to breakdown of food Chyme – broken down food 6

Pancreas – produces the hormone insulin that regulates blood sugar levels -- also help neutralize stomach acid Liver – produces bile, which breaks down fats in foods Gallbladder – pouch-like organ that stores bile for future use Small Intestine – the chyme enters the small intestine and is absorbed into the bloodstream villi- folds in the intestine Large Intestine – removes water from the chyme and gets the waste ready for excretion 5

Image of the Circulatory System

The Circulatory System Purpose: deliver oxygenated blood to cells and organ systems in your body Major Organs and Their Functions Heart -- pumps blood through four chambers (two ventricles and two atria) -- pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, to get oxygenated, return and be pumped out through the aorta to the rest of the body 4

Arteries – carry blood away from the heart Veins – carry blood back to the heart Capillaries – small blood vessels where gas exchange occurs Blood – the cells that flow through the circulatory system Hemoglobin- iron-rich protein that carries oxygen Red blood cells – oxygen rich, have hemoglobin white blood cells -- function in the immune system platelets -- help in blood clotting Spleen – helps to filter out toxins in the blood 3

Image of the Respiratory System

The Respiratory System Purpose: to provide oxygen for cellular respiration and remove the waste product carbon dioxide Major Organs and Their Functions Nose – take air in and out Pharynx – a passage way for both air and food at the back of the throat Larynx – “ voicebox ”, holds vocal chords Trachea – the “ windpipe ”, it connects your pharynx to your lungs Epiglottis – skin that covers the trachea when you swallow, preventing food from entering 2

Bronchi – the two large passageways that lead from the trachea to your lungs (one for each lung) -- subdivided into bronchioles Alveoli - tiny air sacs where the exchange of gases with the blood occurs diaphragm - muscle that causes you to breath -- hiccups are involuntary contractions of the diaphragm 1

The Excretory System

Purpose: to rid the body of wastes, including excess water and salts Major Organs and Their Functions Kidneys-- waste-filled blood enters the kidney the kidney filters out urea, excess water and other waste products, which exit the kidney through the ureter and bladder as urine Rectum – solid (food) waste travels out of the body through the rectum Skin – sweat glands remove excess water and salts from the body Lungs – expel the waste gas carbon dioxide 0

SONG OR ACTING ASSIGNMENT In groups of 4 design a 2 minute song or performance to describe the following for your assigned body system. Your must include the following: The purpose of your body system. (what does it do?) The parts of the body system. (What are they called?) The function of each part. (What does it do?) You have 15 minutes to put together your song or performance. Then each group will present to the class.