Verksamhets- och affärssystem Att integrera verksamheten genom informationssystemet INFORMATIONSFLÖDE MATERIALFLÖDE Transfer CustomerVendorManufacturingDistributionStore

Verksamhets- och affärssystem Att integrera verksamheten genom informations- systemet Transfer CustomerVendorManufacturingDistributionStore Företaget Partners Kunder

Kursinnehåll Enterprise Modelling - Goal Modelling - Analysis Patterns - FLBC Enterprise Application Integration - Message Brokers - Process Integration Enterprise Systems - Functionality - Architecture

Systemaspekter MÅL OBJEKT HAND- LINGAR styr påverkar uttrycker önskvärda tillstånd hos

Architectural Patterns Context –Designing a living room Problem –Making people feel comfortable Forces –People want to sit down –People want to be close to the light Solution –Put a sitting place close to the windows

Design Patterns Context –Developing software with a human-computer interface Problem –Interfaces vary often Forces –Easy to modify the interface –Modifying the interface should not impact the application logic Solution –Model-View-Controller

A Design Pattern - MVC Model core data notify getData View myModel display update Controller myView handleEvent update

Properties of Patterns Address recurring problems Document well-proven experience Specify abstract solutions

Analysis Patterns Employment Period of Time Organisation Person A person is employed in an organisation for a period of time.

Analysis Patterns Management Role Period of Time Organisation Person A person has a certain management role for a period of time.

Analysis Patterns Marriage Period of Time Person Two people are married for a period of time.

Accountability Pattern PERSON ACCOUNTABILITY ORGANISATION From To TIME PERIOD Name ACCOUNTABILITY TYPE Name Address PARTY responsiblecommissioner * * **

Accountability Pattern ACCOUNTABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY TYPE PARTY The Accountability Pattern can be used to model situations where there exists a relationship of responsibility between two parties: - Employment - Order - Contract - Membership - Offering ACCOUNTABILITY TYPE specifies different kinds of accountability. In an employment context, it could contain: permanent employment, project employment, time limited employment, etc.

Accountability :Accountability type name = permanent :Accountability :Time period from = to = :Person name = ‘Peter’ :Organisation name = ‘IBM’ responsible commissioner This instance diagram states that Peter is employed by IBM

Hierarchy Pattern STATE COUNTRY CITY The Hierarchy Pattern is used to describe situations where certain objects are subordinated to other objects. USA California San FranciscoLos Angeles Washington Seattle Massachusetts Boston

Measurable Properties Name Blood pressure Weight Length Age Shoe size Temperature IQ EQ PERSON A person may have a large number of properties that are quantitative. Representing all these properties in a schema can make it exceedingly large.

Measurement Pattern Phenomenon type MeasurementObjectQuantity 1 * * * 11 The Measurement Pattern enables a compact representation of quantitative properties. A measurement measures the quantity of a phenomenon type for a certain object.

Measurement Pattern :Phenomenon type name = temperature :Measurement date = :Object name = ‘Peter’ :Quantity unit = Celsius value = 37.5 This instance diagram states that Peter has the temperature 37.5 degrees Celsius

Category Observation Some properties are not quantitative, but rather classify objects into different groups, for example the gender or nationality of a person. Phenomenon type Category observation ObjectCategory 1 * * * 11

Category Observation :Phenomenon type name = gender :Category observation date = :Object name = ‘Peter’ :Category value = male This instance diagram states that Peter has the gender male

Observation Pattern Phenomenon type ObservationObject 1 * * * 1 1 Category observation Measurement CategoryQuantity 1 * Measurements and category obser- vations can be combined into one pattern.

Action Pattern PROPOSED ACTION IMPLEMENTED ACTION TIME POINTACTIONPARTYLOCATION An action is carried out by a party at a certain point in time at a certain location. An action may be only proposed or it may be implemented, i.e. carried out.

Action Pattern :Person name = ‘Peter’ :Proposed action name = surgery :Implemented action name = ‘surgery :Location room = C604 :Time point date = time = 1.00 a.m. :Location room = C608 :Time point date = time = 2.00 a.m.

Booking From To BOOKING RESOURCE 1 * for Using this simple booking schema, we can express that different resources are booked for different time intervals. In some situations, we do not want to book a specific resource, but rather a general resource type. For example, we only state that we want to book an anaesthesia nurse, it does not matter who. In other cases, we really want to book a specific nurse, say Ed Wallen.

Assets and other Resources Some resources are consumed in an activity, e.g. in a surgery blood plasma is consumed. Other resources are not consumed in an activity but can be reused. For example, a nurse is not consumed in a surgery.

Resource Allocation Pattern RESOURCE TYPE From To TEMPORAL RESOURCE SPECIFIC RAGENERAL RA Quantity RESOURCE ALLOCATION ASSET TYPEASSET * * * *

Resource Allocation :General RA quantity 3 :Resource Type name = Blood plasma :Asset Type name = Nurse :Asset name = ‘Peter’ :Specific RA :Temporal Resource from = 0101, 04 to = 0101, 06 Three bags of blood plasma are allocated - we do not care which ones. Peter is allocated for two hours.

Exercise The Resource Allocation Pattern has a number of limitations. Identify these and construct an extension of the pattern that overcomes these limitations. Consider whether it would be worthwhile to have several variants of the pattern to cover different situations.

Action and Resource Allocation PROPOSED ACTION IMPLEMENTED ACTION ACTION RESOURCE ALLOCATION books uses A proposed action books resources, while an implemented action uses resources.

Plans PLAN PROPOSED ACTION * * contains The simplest way to model a plan is to say that it consists of a number of proposed actions. Example: Plan for dinner party consists of buying food, cooking, and making the table. One limitation of this model is that we cannot express dependencies between proposed actions, i.e. that certain actions have to be performed before others.

Plan Pattern PLAN ACTION REFERENCE * 1 contains PROPOSED ACTION 1 * precedes By adding a type ACTION REFERENCE, we can express precedence relationships among proposed actions in a plan. We can also add descriptions of the role of an action within a plan, e.g. whether it is optional or not.

Subtypes VEHICLEBIKETRUCKBOATCAR One way to show different categories is to introduce a number of subtypes. However, such a solution may result in a very large schema.

Powertypes VEHICLEVEHICLE TYPE 1 * VEHICLE TYPE would have instances such as: Car, Truck, Boat, Bike, MC, Aeroplane,... VEHICLE would have instances such as: abc123 (which is a Car), vv22 (which is a Boat),...

Purpose of Goal Models Describing the goals of an enterprise Showing how the goals are interrelated Finding problems that hinder goal fulfilment Finding opportunities that facilitate goal fulfilment

A Goal Model Goal2: To minimise library costs Goal1: To provide advanced services to customers Goal3: To deliver items electro- nically Goal4: To main- tain high stock availability Opportunity1: Advanced ICT Problem1: Intellectual Property Rights A Goal Model for a Library supports hinders

Components of a Goal Model Goal A desired state Problem A state of affairs that may hinder a goal Opportunity A state of affairs that may support a goal supports hinders conflicts Two goals conflict if the fulfilment of one goal makes it impossible to fulfil the other, and vice versa

En övning Presidentkandidaten Pelle ställer upp i ett val. Hans främsta motståndare är Eva. Konstruera en målmodell för följande: Att vinna valet Att få stöd från EU-anhängare Att få stöd från EU-kritiker Att svärta ned motståndaren Pelle har använt svarta kreditkort Eva har använt svarta kreditkort Att ha många reklaminslag i tv Budgeten är begränsad Få finansiellt stöd från storföretag Skaffa en image som oberoende Skaffa en image som hedervärd

Goal1: Att vinna valet Goal7: Att svärta ned motståndaren Opportunity1: Eva har använt svarta kreditkort supports Goal9: Att ha en stor budget Goal6: Att ha många reklaminslag i tv Goal8: Att få stöd från storföretag supports Goal5: Skaffa en image som hedervärd Threat2: Pelle har använt svarta kreditkort supports hinders Goal2: Att få stöd från EU-anhängare Goal3: Att få stöd från EU-kritiker supports conflicts Goal4: Skaffa en image som oberoende hinders supports