The influence of geomagnetic and environmental factors on the changes in autonomic regulation (based on a satellite experiment Mars-500). Chernikova A., Zenchenko T., Baevsky R. Institute of bio-medical problems RAS, Moscow, Russia

The analysis of the organism condition in cosmonauts during and after a prolonged staying in microgravity on the OS “MIR" and the ISS did not reveal any abnormalities that prevent the gradual increase in the duration of manned space flight. The analysis of the organism condition in cosmonauts during and after a prolonged staying in microgravity on the OS “MIR" and the ISS did not reveal any abnormalities that prevent the gradual increase in the duration of manned space flight. An important precondition for the success of the interplanetary missions is the ability of the human body to adapt to conditions of prolonged space flight. An important precondition for the success of the interplanetary missions is the ability of the human body to adapt to conditions of prolonged space flight.

At the same time individual characteristics of an organism (a type of regulation, age) and environmental conditions (environmental and social conditions, the type of impact, seasonal changes) play an important role. At the same time individual characteristics of an organism (a type of regulation, age) and environmental conditions (environmental and social conditions, the type of impact, seasonal changes) play an important role. ► The scientific justification of this working hypothesis in reference to problems of Mars mission medical support together with the development of theoretical positions on functional reserves of human would be an important contribution to the preparation of manned flights to Mars.

«Mars-500» project has being conducted by the State scientific center of the Russian Federation – Institute for Bio-medical Problems of RAS under the aegis of Roscosmos, ESA and Russian Academy of Sciences. It included a series of experiments simulating these or those aspects of an interplanetary manned flight. The main part was a series of experiments on long-term isolation of the crew in conditions of the specially built ground-based experiment facility. (web-site

photo: International crew: 6 males age 32±3,7 years. Work and rest schedule of the crew is the same as in orbital flights (7-day week with two free days). Work and rest schedule of the crew is the same as in orbital flights (7-day week with two free days). Rations for crew members were identical to those used on the International Space Station. Rations for crew members were identical to those used on the International Space Station. The crew was in an artificial environment at normal atmospheric pressure. The crew was in an artificial environment at normal atmospheric pressure.

The specificity of the project "Mars- 500" from positions the theory of adaptation 1) The long-term adaptation processes lead to some restructuring of the regulatory mechanisms and the establishment of new functional relationships in the body. This can lead to increased spending of functional reserves and substantially increase the risk of disease. 2) experimental factors, affecting the body, gradually become less important due to the "addiction" to them (the factor of acclimatization).

► To solve the problem - studying the characteristics of adaptation processes during prolonged stay in the crew of stress conditions in the model of the spaceship, we deemed it necessary to to conduct a parallel experiment to compare the reactions of the organism in the long-term isolation from the reactions of similar groups of people living under natural conditions.

► ► For the scientific analysis of changes in health status of the "Martian" crew control experiments in which similar groups of people would be in the wild under the influence of various environmental factors: climatic and geographical, industrial, social and other. ► ► In this regard, control satellite studies, which were held simultaneously in several groups of volunteers, were organized. The reference groups were formed in 11 regions including 6 groups in Russia, one in Germany, one in Czech, one in Belarus, one in USA and one in Canada. The reference groups consisted of 10 to 15 essentially healthy males in the same age range.

CityParticipants, NInvestigations, n Moscow (“Mars-500”)6120 Moscow16139 Voronej1461 Syktyvkar17232 Ekaterinburg12146 Magadan20254 Ijevsk11103 Minsk (Belorussia)10127 Berlin (Germany)1075 Prague (Czech Republic)861 Toronto(Canada)698 Poulsbo (USA)4114

A special website was created for informational and technical support of research. Preliminary individual conclusions about health status were done for every individuals and files with the results of studies were transferred to DataBase in analytical center via Internet connections. A special website was created for informational and technical support of research. Preliminary individual conclusions about health status were done for every individuals and files with the results of studies were transferred to DataBase in analytical center via Internet connections.

(Results, Weather)

(Results, Arterial blood pressure)

► One of the hypotheses investigated in this unique experiment dealt with the adaptation to prolonged exposure to stress factors. ► This hypothesis can be stated as follows: long-term tension of regulatory systems leads to a decrease in functional reserves, reduced its adaptive capacity and as a result increased risk of disease.

Kinds of diagnostics PrenosologicalNosological containing the name of the disease in terms of the accepted classification and nomenclature of diseases HealthDisease Prenosological state The human condition on the borderline between health and disease

Prenosological assesment of functional deconditioning – the main research method. A new methodological approach, developed in space medicine for assessing the risk of disease according to the HRV analysis [Baevsky, Chernikova, 2002, 2010], was used while assessing the results of studies. Adaptation level is measured here by the parameters of the functional reserves (FR) and the stress degree (SD)

The space of functional states The measure of quantifying the health risks is the probability of prenosological and premorbid states, which differ from normal states by significant shifts in autonomic balance. The measure of quantifying the health risks is the probability of prenosological and premorbid states, which differ from normal states by significant shifts in autonomic balance.

A slight but significant (p<0,001) differences in age (from 28.9 years to 35.1 years old Minsk, Moscow) and BMI (from 23.6 to 26.4 in Minsk, Moscow) are detected. When comparing the results of researches these differences are necessary to be considered. A slight but significant (p<0,001) differences in age (from 28.9 years to 35.1 years old Minsk, Moscow) and BMI (from 23.6 to 26.4 in Minsk, Moscow) are detected. When comparing the results of researches these differences are necessary to be considered. Age and body mass index in satellite groups in Mars-500 project.

A distinct upward trend in heart rate (HR) are marked in Minsk, Moscow and Syktyvkar groups. The highest level of arterial blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) was observed in Magadan and Moscow groups. The lowest values of HR and blood pressure are observed in Yekaterinburg. When comparing the data on the cardiovascular system functional status with age and BMI, it can be assumed that the observed differences in variables of cardiovascular homeostasis are associated not only with age and constitutional features.

Stress index (SI) reflects the level of sympathetic regulation and the degree of tension, and pNN50 - the parasympathetic regulation. The most favorable functional state of regulatory mechanisms observed in the group from Ekaterinburg (the average of all groups by age and BMI), and the worst - in the group from Magadan, which is the second by age and BMI. The group from Minsk has the highest values of stress index, but the sufficient activity of parasympathetic level of regulation (pNN50). Stress index (SI) reflects the level of sympathetic regulation and the degree of tension, and pNN50 - the parasympathetic regulation. The most favorable functional state of regulatory mechanisms observed in the group from Ekaterinburg (the average of all groups by age and BMI), and the worst - in the group from Magadan, which is the second by age and BMI. The group from Minsk has the highest values of stress index, but the sufficient activity of parasympathetic level of regulation (pNN50). Autonomic function in satellite groups in Mars-500 project. This hypothesis is confirmed by comparing the autonomic regulation in examined groups.

Distribution of people in satellite groups in Mars-500 project at different categories of risk.

Changes in heart rate variability in the experimental groups - the main and satellite (project "Mars-500”)

Changes of functional conditions in the experimental groups - the main and satellite (project "Mars-500”)

► Seasonal changes in autonomic regulation (Syktyvkar group) ► There is increased heart rate during the autumn months, and marked reduction in heart rate during the winter months. In October and November indicated a corresponding increase in pulse rate increased sympathetic activity level of regulation in the form of higher stress index (SI) and lower values of pNN50 and relative power spectrum of high- frequency component (HF). In January - February the stress index decreases, and the values of pNN50 and HF grow.

Spring Autumn Summer Winter FR SD Zone of prenosological states Seasonal changes of functional status in the satellite group (project "Mars-500”)

► Functional status of test subject is characterized as a state of physiological norm passing in the prenosological state. ► Functional status in different satellite groups depends on environmental conditions ► Comparison of the results of studies in the main and satellite groups revealed that the main changes in the functional state of Martian crew are related mainly to the regime and shedule of mission. In the satellite groups, there are distinct seasonal fluctuations in functional status. CONCLUSION

Prospects for the analysis of research results

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