Illicit Drugs in East and Southeast Asia: Situation and Response Presentation to AIFOCOM-7, HCMC, Viet Nam Jason Eligh UNODC Country Manager a.i., Viet Nam Country Office 23 April 2010

Structure of presentation 1.Understand the situation 2.Sharpen the response

OPIATES in E/SE Asia: “Containment is working… but is under threat”

Opium in South East Asia in metric tons Opium production in South East Asia in metric tons -25% from 2007 to 2009 Southeast Asia production in 2009 decreased due to lower yield in Myanmar 330 Source: Opium Poppy Cultivation in South-East Asia, December 2009.

Opium poppy cultivation in South-East Asia 2004 to 2009 (in ha) y 50,940 34,720 24,175 29,440 30,390 33,810 Source: Opium Poppy Cultivation in South-East Asia, December 2009.

Heroin Use reported by: 10 countries Increasing: 2 (Singapore and Viet Nam) Decreasing: 4 (Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar and Thailand) Stable: 4 (Australia, China, Japan and New Zealand) Heroin use trend (2007/2008) Source: DAINAP Heroin situation in East and South-East Asia

Heroin Seizure (2004 – 2008) Note: Seizures from Australia and New Zealand are not included. Source: DAINAP Heroin situation in East and South-East Asia

ATS in E/SE Asia “Steadily worsening”

ATS USERS: approx ½ in East and SE Asia ATS SEIZURES: just under ½ global meth seizures in E/SE Asia

Use reported: 5 countries Increasing: 4 (China, Myanmar, Thailand and Viet Nam) Stable: 1 (Lao PDR (stable after an increasing trend for past five years) Source: DAINAP Meth pill use trends ( ) ATS situation in East and South-East Asia

2008: Total seizures 32 million (approx.) (70% in Thailand) – Increasing (26%) Source: DAINAP Meth pill seizures ( *) * 2009 data are preliminary and likely to be revised (likely increase). Note: Seizures from Australia and New Zealand are not included. ATS situation in East and South-East Asia

Use reported: 12 countries Increasing: 6 China Indonesia Japan Singapore Thailand Viet Nam Decreasing: 4 Australia Malaysia Philippines Rep. of Korea Stable: 2 Brunei Darussalam New Zealand Source: DAINAP Crystal meth use trend ( ) ATS situation in East and South-East Asia

2008: Total seizures 8.3 metric ton (approx.) (66% in China) – Increasing (13.7%) Source: DAINAP Note: Seizures from Australia and New Zealand are not included. Crystal meth seizures ( ) * 2009 data are preliminary and likely to be revised (likely increase). ATS situation in East and South-East Asia

Use reported by: 10 countries Increasing: 5 (Australia, China, Indonesia, New Zealand and Viet Nam) Decreasing: 4 (Malaysia, Rep. of Korea, Singapore and Thailand) Stable: 1 (Japan) Ecstasy use trend (2007/2008) Source: DAINAP

2008: Total seizures 3 million (2/3 rd in Indonesia and China) Ecstasy seizures ( ) Source: DAINAP Note: Seizures from Australia and New Zealand are not included. ATS situation in East and South-East Asia * 2009 data are preliminary and likely to be revised (likely increase).

Detailed assessments: 15 country reports from East and South-East Asia Broad overview: South Asia The Pacific Island States

Structure of presentation 1.Understand the situation 2.Sharpen the response

Sharpening the response: Regional Cooperation Arrangements Computer-Based Training (CBT) Border Liaison Offices (BLO) Container Control Programme (CCP) Evidence-based Drug Treatment

Regular bilateral cooperation AIFOCOM: AIPA Fact-finding Committee to Combat the Drug Menace JASPOC: Joint ASEAN Senior Police Officers’ Course ADLOMICO: Anti-Drug Liaison Officials’ Meeting for International Cooperation IDEC: International Drug Enforcement Conference HONLEA: Heads of National Drug Law Enforcement Agencies MOU among the Greater Mekong Subregion (6 GMS countries + UNODC) ACCORD: ASEAN and China Cooperative Operations in Response to Dangerous Drugs Regional Cooperation Arrangements

Computer-Based Training (CBT)

Border Liaison Offices (BLO)

ACTIONS Intelligence/Information Follow up action General enquiries Drug seizures Traffickers Drug trends Concealment methods Country A Country B Narcotic Police Border Police Customs Local Police Immigration CID ACTIONS Intelligence/Information Follow up action General enquiries Drug seizures Traffickers Drug trends Concealment methods Military Intelligence Narcotics Police Customs Local Police Immigration CID National Drug Authority National Drug Authority How Intelligence is Communicated: BEFORE BLO

… After BLO BLO BLO Country A Country B Narcotic Police Border Police Customs Local Police Immigration CID Military Intelligence Narcotics Police Customs Local Police Immigration CID National Drug Authority BLO BLO National Drug Authority

UNODC-WCO Container Control Programme (CCP) In 2006 approximately 420 million container movements across the planet; Expected to grow to 450 million by 2012 Only 2% were inspected in any manner in 2006

Ongoing Interest UNODC-WCO Container Control Programme (CCP)

- within the wall of bed sheet cartons bed sheet cartons Cocaine Approximately 35 metric tons

Precursor chemicals 76 tons

The Anti-Narcotic Force / Customs 15 metric tons cannabis resin seized in Karachi

Evidence-based Drug Treatment Compulsory detention centres for drug users is not drug treatment Methadone maintenance therapy works for opiate dependence Public health interventions for drug users support public security goals

Thank you