IEC TC Marine Energy: Wave, Tidal and other Water Current Converters IEC TC 88 Plenary Meeting Boulder, Colorado March 11-12, 2010 Chair IEC TC 114 Melanie Nadeau, P.Eng., NRCan Secretary IEC TC 114 Danny Peacock, BSI

Marine Renewable Energy Marine Energy Tidal Rise & Fall Tidal/ocean Currents Waves Salinity Gradient Thermal Gradient Water Currents/Hydrokinetic Energy Submarine Geothermal

Technology Maturity Mature technology, despite limited applications. Likely to have significant impact on local ecosystems Significant number of technologies being developed worldwide: some of these technologies are at or near full- scale development and undergoing sea trials; first ‘commercial’ technologies operational in 2008 Early stage R & D; demonstration prototypes operational Advanced stage of R & D Tidal barrages Ocean waves & tidal currents technologies Salinity gradient technologies OTEC Technologies

Technology Maturity Source: Ref: Powertech Labs Task Report, 2007

Tidal | Water Currents Horizontal Axis Turbines Vertical Axis Turbines Hydrofoils

Wave Technologies Oscillating Water Column (OWC) Overtopping Devices Oscillating Bodies (Point Absorbers & Surge Devices)

 13 Member Countries with participating status (P-member), 7 Countries as observers (O-member)  Formal Liaisons established  TC 4 – Hydraulic Turbines  TC 88 – Wind Turbines  IEA – OES  EquiMAR IEC TC 114 – Marine Energy Inaugural Meeting in Ottawa, CA on May 14-15, 2008  Fall 2007 – SMB approved the formation of a new Technical Committee (TC) 114 on Marine Energy: Wave, tidal and other water current converters  British Standards Institute (BSI), United Kingdom holds Secretariat

Scope of IEC TC 114 To prepare international standards for marine energy conversion systems. The primary focus will be on conversion of wave, tidal and other water current energy into electrical energy, although other conversion methods, systems and products are included. Tidal barrage and dam installations, as covered by TC 4, are excluded.

IEC TC 114 Standards  Standards produced by TC 114 will address:  System definition  Performance measurement of wave, tidal and water current energy converters  Resource assessment requirements  Design and safety requirements  Power quality  Manufacturing and factory testing  Evaluation and mitigation of environmental impacts

Work Programme IEC TC 114 Standards Series General IEC TS Terminology Design Requirements Resource Characterization & Assessment Moorings Systems Conformity Assessment & Certification 100-Series Wave Performance Assessment of WECS Series Tidal Performance Assessment of TECS Series Other (i.e. OTEC) Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) system NWIP issued PT or WG established

Operations  Meetings  Plenary – 1 per year (12 months +)  NWIPs proposed at plenary or via DCs  Country recent advancements  Programme of Work  Chairman Advisory Group (CAG) – PT/WG leaders  Face-to-Face (1/year)  Teleconference (2/year)  WG/PT Leaders & Members (79 experts)  Collaboration Tools Collaboration Tools  Teleconference/WebEX/Skype  Face-to-face  Invited experts

Marine Energy Converter Utility Substation and Connection Electrical Power System Submarine Cable Transformers Switchgear Monitoring, Protection and Control Electrical Connections and Wiring Low Power Generation High Power Generation and Farms Marine Energy Source (Tidal/Wave) Environmental Assessment Site Conditions Studies Safety and Reliability Requirements Structural Components Foundation Moorings Materials Coatings/Corrosion Protection Converter Installation & Operation Performance Measurements Installation, Commissioning, and Decommissioning Operation & Maintenance Electrical Conversion Generator Static Power Converter Mechanical Conversion Blade Gear Box Hydraulics Bearings Marine Energy Standards Map

Hydro-Electric Standards Offshore Standards Foundations & Mooring Offshore Materials Wind Standards Underwater cabling, switchgear, and connection requirements Blade, bearings, and gearboxes can use similar design load analysis and testing as wind and hydro-electric turbines Distributed Generation Grid connection

Global Wave Energy Resource Data from the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) WAM model archive -calibrated and corrected by OCEANOR against a global buoy and Topex satellite altimeter database.

Global Tidal Energy Locations

Costs of Energy Costs of energy generated by wave & tidal energy converters deployed in initial farms (Source: Carbon Trust, 2006) Cost estimates for ocean technologies have high uncertainty, given that few devices have actually been manufactured at full-scale and tested under normal operating conditions. 1 GBP = 1.8 CAD

Future Costs of Energy Optimistic estimate Initial cost $ 39c/kWh Learning curve 15% Pessimistic estimate Initial cost $45c/kWh Learning curve 10% Cost of energy as a function of installed power (Source: Carbon Trust, 2006): 1 GBP = 1.8 CAD