A. di Sarra 23/10/2014

radiation budget surface energy budget photochemistry heterogeneous chemistry air quality/health fertilization atmospheric thermal structure/dynamics cloud properties …

Nabat et al., 2013

Israelevich et al., 2012 MODIS data,

Moulin et al., 1998 METEOSAT, 1994

30 March 2013 MODIS-Terra

1000 mb 850 mb

1000 mb850 mb

29 July 2005 MODIS-Terra

Hamonou et al., 1999

Di Iorio et al., 2009 dust non-dust

Pey et al., 2013

Becagli et al., 2012

Summer MBL Winter Marine Boundary Layer Boundary Layer over land Courtesy of S. Becagli

Radiative forcing ΔF = F n,s – F n

Refractive index Size Shape

Formenti et al., 2011 Scheuvens et al., 2013 REFRACTIVE INDEX

Di Biagio et al., 2014 REFRACTIVE INDEX

dV dlogD p Altitude (m) Dust aerosols 22 june 2013, F nm 550nm 450nm Dust aerosols 28 june 2013, F38-39 Scat. coeff. (Mm -1 ) Numb. conc. (#.cm -3 ) Diameter (µm) 22 and 28 June 2013: Transport from Tunisia to Lampedusa  Similar dust source and days of transport but different mixing state F38 F35 dV dlogD p Denjean et al., 2013 SIZE DISTRIBUTION

Zhao et al., 2013 SIZE DISTRIBUTION

Surface direct radiative forcing Haanpanala et al., 2012 SHAPE

Gomez Amo et al., 2010 (HL-ABL)/HL (%)(HL-SBL)/HL (%) surfacetoaatmsurfacetoaatm VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION

DRE TOA SW All-sky clear-sky DRE ATM SW DRE SRF SW Papadimas et al.,

Mueller et al., 2012 SAMUM 2006

How to derive a correct estimate of the RF?

Radiative forcing efficiency Satheesh and Ramanathan, 2000

PSP MFRSR PIR Cimel

Surface aerosol FE: aerosol types Di Biagio et al., J. Geophys. Res., 2009 Di Biagio et al., 2010

Aerosol FE at the top of the atmosphere Di Biagio et al., 2010

The atmospheric forcing is ~30-50% of the surface forcing for DD, ~70% for UI-BB, and ~60% for MA. FE d at the equinox (Wm -2 ) TOASurfaceAtm DD    6.7 UI-BB    5.4 MA    5.4 FE d at the summer solstice (Wm -2 ) TOASurfaceAtm DD    7.5 UI-BB    8.9 MA    6.8 FE S and FE TOA at different θ  integrated to obtain the daily FE Daily mean aerosol forcing efficiency Di Biagio et al., 2010

The daily mean radiative forcing (RF d ) at TOA and at the surface are largest for DD due to the high value of both FE d and average τ. The atmospheric RF d, conversely, is approximately independent of the aerosol type. Daily mean aerosol radiative forcing

MODIS-TERRA March 26, 2010 MODIS-TERRA March 28, 2010 March 26, 11:50 UT March 28, 11:50 UT

MFRSR PSP and PIR radiometers <0.09 max 1.88

On a daily basis: surface LW RF is about 50% of the SW TOA LW RF is about 40% of the SW a bout 75% of the SW atmospheric RF is compensated by the LW RF instantaneous, at 35° solar zenith angle, LW, SW, and total forcing, for 26 March, SW: observations on two days, surface + CERES LW: RT model + observations at the surface and CERES di Sarra et al., 2011

9:35 UTC MODIS 22 May 2013

12:50 UTC MODIS 22 May 2013

Lampedusa

22 May, 12:57 UT 23 May, 13:46 UT Sky Imager 20 May, 12:50 UT Sky Imager 22 May, 12:50 UT

SW: Observations LW: Observations + MODTRAN 4.3 calculations Forcing efficiencies SW, global -136 W/m 2 SW, diffuse +257 W/m 2 LW +33 W/m 2 LW/SW 24% instantaneous values!! Over a whole daily cycle FEd~FE/2 in the SW (di Sarra et al., 2011) LW/SW ~50%

Gomez Amo et al., 2014

Meloni et al., 2014 Ground-based and Airborne Measurements of the Aerosol Radiative Forcing (GAMARF) 2008

Meloni et al., 2014

Thank you Vertical distribution Optical properties LW effects Recommendation: Closure with respect to high quality radiation measurements

Pace et al., 2012 Red – 2009 Green Black – 2011 Blue -2012

Pace et al., 2006

JULY JULY Lidar backscatter ratio HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model from the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) AOD (500 nm) = July α = δ = July α = δ = Meloni et al., 2004

MISR + MFRSR Meloni et al., 2004

Best match (minimum RMDS) wavelength-independent SSA and g 14 July SSA = 0.97 g = July SSA = 0.88 g = 0.81 Meloni et al., 2004 INSTANTANEOUS AEROSOL RADIATIVE FORCING EFFICIENCY (RF per unit AOD at 500 nm) AT nm

7 September 2005

di Sarra et al., 2013