Jaringan Komputer Lanjut Ethernet dan IEEE LAN Standard -Aurelio Rahmadian-

Pemodelan Lapisan Jaringan

Physical Layer

Media is the actual physical environment through which data travels as it moves from one component to another, and it connects network devices. The most common types of net-work media are twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber- optic cable, and wireless. Each media type has specific capabilities and serves specific purposes. Understanding the types of connections that can be used within a network provides a better understanding of how networks function in transmitting data from one point to another.

Physical Layer

Jenis-jenis Media

TypeMax Segment Length SpeedCostAdvantagesDisadvantages UTP100 m10 Mbps 100 Mbps Least expensive Easy to install, widely available, widely used Susceptible to interference; can cover only a limited distance STP100 m Mbps More expensive than UTP Reduced crosstalk, less susceptible to EMI than UTP or Thinnet Difficult to work with; can cover only a limited distance Coaxial500 meters (Thicknet) 185 meters (Thinnet) Mbps Relatively inexpensive but more costly than UTP Less susceptible to EMI than other types of copper media Difficult to work with (Thicknet); limited bandwidth; limited application (Thinnet); damage to cable can bring down entire network

TypeMax Segment Length SpeedCostAdvantagesDisadvantages FO3 km and further (singlemode) 2 km and further (multimode) Mbps (singlemode) 100 Mbps-9.92 Gbps (multimode) ExpensiveCannot be tapped easily; great distances; not susceptible to EMI; higher data rate Difficult to terminate Wireless 50 km - global 1-54 MbpsExpensiveDoes not require installation of media Susceptible to atmospheric conditions

Ethernet

Logical Link Control (LLC) Makes the connection with the upper layers. Frames the Network layer packet. Identifies the Network layer protocol. Remains relatively independent of the physical equipment. Uses IEEE standard.

Media Access Control (MAC) Data Encapsulation: Includes frame assembly before transmission, frame parsing upon reception of a frame, data link layer MAC addressing, and error detection. Media Access Control: Because Ethernet is a shared media and all devices can transmit at any time, media access is controlled by a method called Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD).

Alasan Penggunaan Ethernet Simplicity and ease of maintenance Ability to incorporate new technologies Reliability Low cost of installation and upgrade

Sejarah Ethernet Coaxial -10BASE5 (Thicknet) -10BASE2 (Thinnet)

Sejarah Ethernet UTP -10BASE-T -Half-duplex communication

Sejarah Ethernet UTP -100BASE-TX -Full-duplex communication

Struktur Frame Ethernet

Header ◦ Preamble ◦ Start of Frame Delimiter ◦ Address ◦ Length Data (Packet) Trailer

Struktur Frame Ethernet Preamble ◦ 7 octet of Start of Frame Delimiter ◦ 1 octet of Address ◦ Source MAC Address ◦ Destination MAC Address Length/Ethertype Data (Packet-Segment-Data) Frame Check Sequence ◦ Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) Interframe Gap ◦ 12 octet of idle-line state

MAC Address