SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 1 Is there a Finnish or Nordic Model? Can the Nordic Model rescue European values? Brussels, Belgian Financial Forum, 15 February 2008 Governor Erkki Liikanen Bank of Finland
SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 2 Can the Nordic Model rescue European values? Are there common European social values? Variety of European social models The challenges to all social models: –Globalisation and ageing of population: The Nordic Model and Finnish experiences Conclusions: –Is a social model based on European values an asset or a liability in the modern world? –Can the Nordic model offer some solutions to the challenges?
SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 3 European social models by André Sapir The Mediterranean Model: low equity and low efficiency –Rather low coverage of unemployment benefits –Very strict employment protection regulations The Continental Model: high equity and low efficiency –Generous unemployment benefits –Relatively strict employment protection legislation The Anglo-Saxon Model: low equity and high efficiency –Relatively good unemployment insurance –Very low strictness of employment protection legislation The Nordic Model: high equity and high efficiency –Generous and comprehensive unemployment benefits –Quite low strictness of employment protection legislation
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6 Demographic change: Ageing of the baby-boomers
SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 7 Demographic change: Ageing of the baby-boomers
SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 8 Demographic change: Ageing of the baby-boomers
SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 9 Demographic change: Ageing of the baby-boomers
SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 10 Demographic change: Ageing of the baby-boomers
SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 11 Demographic change: Ageing of the baby-boomers
SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 12 Demographic change: Ageing of the baby-boomers
SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 13 Demographic change: Ageing of the baby-boomers
SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 14 Demographic change: Ageing of the baby-boomers
SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 15 Demographic change: Ageing of the baby-boomers
SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 16 Demographic change: Ageing of the baby-boomers
SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 17 Demographic change: Ageing of the baby-boomers
SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 18 Demographic change: Ageing of the baby-boomers
SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 19 Demographic change: Ageing of the baby-boomers
SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 20 Demographic change: Ageing of the baby-boomers
SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 21 Demographic change: Ageing of the baby-boomers
SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 22 Demographic change: Ageing of the baby-boomers
SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 23 Demographic change: Ageing of the baby-boomers
SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 24 Demographic change: Ageing of the baby-boomers
SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 25 Demographic change: Ageing of the baby-boomers
SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 26 Demographic change: Ageing of the baby-boomers
SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 27 Demographic change is here! 20829
SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 28 The social contract Net contributions to the public sector over the life cycle or as a function of age
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SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 30 The Nordic “cluster” Similarities in the systemic interrelations between the key institutions and policies –labour market institutions –the design of welfare state –policies with regard to new technologies, research and development, environment Combination of collective risk sharing and openness to globalisation Comprehensive and mostly mandatory systems for pooling and sharing labour market and other risks Social contract: net contribution to the public sector over the lifetime of a representative citizen.
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SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 32 Results of OECD PISA studies in years 2000, 2003 and 2006
SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 33 Need for reform in the Nordic model Work careers could usefully start earlier Labour force participation were to be raised and unemployment reduced The effective retirement age should be increased further Pension costs must not be allowed to become an excessive burden for young age cohorts We must strive for higher productivity also in public services
SUOMEN PANKKI | FINLANDS BANK | BANK OF FINLAND 34 Thank you