The American Revolution (VUS.4) What You Need to Know

The Ideas of John Locke and Thomas Paine Essential Question: How did the ideas of John Locke and Thomas Paine influence Jefferson and the writing of the Declaration of Independence? John Locke Thoams Paine

The Ideas of John Locke and Thomas Paine The Enlightenment Intellectual movement of the 18th century New ideas about the rights of people and their relationship to rulers

The Ideas of John Locke and Thomas Paine John Locke – Enlightenment philosopher from England Influenced American belief in self-government All people are free and equal Natural rights - life, liberty, and property cannot be taken away Popular sovereignty – all power comes from the people (“consent of the governed”)

The Ideas of John Locke and Thomas Paine Social Contract – people form a government to protect their rights and people agree to obey the rules established by their government Limited Government – government’s powers are limited to those given to it by the people Revolution - whenever the government becomes a threat to the natural rights of the people, they have the right to alter or overthrow it.

The Ideas of John Locke and Thomas Paine Impact of Locke – his ideas were radical and challenged rule by monarchs and emperors Jefferson incorporated Locke’s ideas in the Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson

The Ideas of John Locke and Thomas Paine Thomas Paine and Common Sense Thomas Paine – English immigrant Wrote Common Sense - a pamphlet that challenged the rule of the American colonies by England Impact – helped to change public opinion in favor of independence

The Ideas of John Locke and Thomas Paine Statue of Thomas Paine

The Declaration of Independence Draft Written by Thomas Jefferson of Virginia Reflected the ideas of Locke and Paine

The Declaration of Independence “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

The Declaration of Independence “That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed….”

The Declaration of Independence “That whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute new government…

The Declaration of Independence List of Grievances – Jefferson then went on to list many grievances against the king described in Common Sense Declaration of Independnece July 4, 1776

Anglo-French Rivalry and the French and Indian War Essential Questions: How did the French and Indian War lead to conflict between England and the American colonies? Deat of General Wolfe

Anglo-French Rivalry and the French and Indian War Cause – rivalry between England and France over trade and territory in North America French and Indian War fought between 1756 – 1763 Consequence – French are driven out of Canada and territories west of the Appalachian Mountains by the Treaty of Paris, 1763

Anglo-French Rivalry and the French and Indian War Treaty of Paris, 1763

Anglo-French Rivalry and the French and Indian War British Actions after 1763 Measures to increase revenue and reduce cost of colonial defense Angered colonists and led to the American Revolution Proclamation of 1763 – prohibited American settlement west of Appalachian Mountains Stamp Act – new direct tax on printed, legal documents New taxes on tea and sugar

The Stamp Act was the first direct tax on the colonies It sparked the Stamp Act Congress and led to angry protests The Sons of Liberty were formed to oppose it

The Beginning of the American Revolution Resistance to British rule increased, leading to war. Boston Massacre, 1770 Tea Act, 1773 Boston Tea Party Intolerable Acts, 1774 First Continental Congress, 1774 Lexington and Concord, 1775 Second Continental Congress, 1775 Declaration of Independence - July 4, 1776

The Beginning of the American Revolution Boston Massacre by Paul Revere

The Beginning of the American Revolution Boston Tea Party staged by the Sons of Liberty

Differences among the Colonists Essential Question: What differences existed among Americans concerning separation from Great Britain? The Patriot

Differences among the Colonists Patriots Believed in complete independence from England Inspired by ideas of Locke, Paine, and Patrick Henry of Virginia (“Give me liberty, or give me death!”) Provided troops for the Continental Army, led by George Washington, also of Virginia

Differences among the Colonists George Washington Patrick Henry

Differences among the Colonists Loyalists Remained loyal to Britain due to cultural and economic ties Believed taxation was justified

Differences among the Colonists Neutrals Many colonists remained neutral and tried to avoid conflict

Factors Leading to Colonial Victory Essential Question: What factors led to the victory of the American patriots?

Factors Leading to Colonial Victory Diplomatic Factors Benjamin Franklin negotiated a Treaty of Alliance with France Benjamin Franklin

Factors Leading to Colonial Victory Military Factors Leadership of George Washington kept his army together avoided any situation that threatened the destruction of his army French Alliance - Army (Lafayette) and Navy resulted in final victory at the Battle of Yorktown in Virginia

Factors Leading to Colonial Victory Yorktown

Treaty of Paris, 1783 Treaty of Paris, 1783 – ended the war Britain recognized American independence Northern border – along the Canadian border and Great Lakes Western boundary – Mississippi River Southern boundary – Florida border

Treaty of Paris, 1783