SECTIONAL CONFLICT INTENSIFIES 1848-1860 CHATPER 10

SLAVERY & WESTERN EXPANSION 10.1 THE IMPACT OF THE WAR WITH MEXICO A. THE MEXICAN WAR OPENED VAST NEW LANDS TO AMERICAN SETTLERS  INCREASED THE DEBATE OVER SLAVERY SPREADING WEST B. POLK (AT FIRST) SAYS CLIMATE NOT SUFFICIENT IN WEST TO SUPPPORT SLAVERY (CROPS) C. “WILMOT PROVISO”  (D) (HoR) TERRITORY U.S. GAINED FROM MEXICO NOT CONTAIN SLAVERY (SOUTH OUTRAGED  HoR PASSED  SENATE REFUSED TO VOTE ON IT

SLAVERY AND WESTERN EXPANSION 10.1 (CONTD…) “POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY”  CITIZENS OF EACH NEW TERRITORY DECIDE ON SLAVERY  LEWIS CASS (SENATOR/MICHIGAN) WHO WAS IN FAVOR OF “POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY?”  CONGRESS (TOPIC OF SLAVERY REMOVED FROM POLITICS), MIDWESTERNERS (NORTH MAY SETTLE WEST) WHO DISLIKED “POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY?” ABOLITIONIST  ARGUED THAT IT STILL DENIED AFRICAN- AMERICANS THEIR RIGHT NOT TO BE ENSLAVED

SLAVERY AND WESTERN EXPANSION 10.1 (CONTD…) “THE ELECTION OF 1848” 1. “WHIG PARTY”  ZACHARY TAYLOR (PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE) 2. “CONSCIENCE WHIGS”  “WHIG PARTY” IN THE NORTH WHO OPPOSED SLAVERY AND TAYLOR (THOUGHT HE WOULD MOVE SLAVERY WESTWARD) 3. “COTTON WHIGS”  NORTHERN WHIGS LINKED TO NORTHERN CLOTH MANUFACTURERS AND DEPENDED ON SOUTHERN COTON FOR THEIR FACTORIES (NOMINATED TAYLOR ALONG WITH THE “SOUTHERN WHIG” 4. “FREE-SOIL PARTY” CONSCIENCE WHIGS THAT QUIT THE WHIG PARTY AND JOINED ANTISLAVERY DEMOCRATES FROM NEW YORK AND THE ABOLITIONIST LIBERTY PARTY  “FREE SOIL, FREE SPEECH, FREE LABOR, FREE MEN”

CANDIDATES IN THE 1848 ELECTION LEWIS CASS  (D) SUPPORTS POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY 2. MARTIN VAN BUREN  FREE-SOIL WHO BACKED THE WILMOT PROVISO AND TOOK A STRONG STAND AGAINST SLAVERY IN THE TERRITORIES 3. ZACHARY TAYLOR  WHIG CANDIDATE WHO AVOIDED THE ISSUE OF SLAVERY TAYLOR WON THE ELECTON! CASS VAN BUREN TAYLOR

THE SEARCH FOR COMPROMISE A. GOLD RUSH IN CALIFORNIA 1 THE SEARCH FOR COMPROMISE A. GOLD RUSH IN CALIFORNIA 1. THOUSANDS OF NEW SETTLERS (END OF 1849 NEARLY 80,000)  “FORTY- NINERS” ARRIVED SEARCING FOR GOLD 2. WILD WEST “BOOMTOWNS” BROUGHT THE NEED FOR GOVERNMENT (MAINTAIN LAW AND ORDER)  CA APPLIED FOR STATEHOOD AS A FREE STATE (DEBATE OVER SLAVERY) 3. IF CALIFORNIA BECOMES A FREE STATE THEN SLAVEHOLDING STATES WOULD BECOME A MINORITY IN THE SENATE (SOUTH FEARS LIMITS TO SLAVERY)  CALHOUN TALKS “SECESSION” (TAKING THEIR STATES OUT OF THE UNION)

SAN FRANCISCO 49er’s (PATRIC WILLIS)

MINING CAMPS

BOOMTOWNS

THE SEARCH FOR COMPROMISE (CONTD…) THE COMPROMISE OF 1850 (HENRY CLAY AKA “THE GREAT COMPROMISER”  8 PLANS) 1. SENATOR HENRY CLAY CAME UP WITH A PLAN TO SOLVE THE CRISIS AND SAVE THE UNION 2. CONSESSIONS BY NORTH & SOUTH 3. CA ENTERS AS FREE 4. MEXICAN CESSION WOULD HAVE NO RESTRICTIONS ON SLAVERY 5. TEXAS/NEW MEXICO BORDER QUESTION WAS SOLVED IN FAVOR OF MEXICO YET GOVT. TOOK ON TX DEBTS 6. SLAVE TRADE IS ABOLISHED IN D.C. BUT STILL HAD SLAVERY 7. CONGRESS C/N INTERFERE WITH SLAVE TRADE 8. NEW FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW PASSED

THE SEARCH FOR COMPROMISE (CONTD…) C. COMPROMISE OF 1850 CAUSES GREAT DEBATE 1. CALHOUN SENATOR DEFENDED STATES RIGHTS 2. DANIEL WEBSTER  SENATOR OF MA WANTS TO COMPROMISE TO SAVE TH UNION 3. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS  SENATOR OF IL DIVIDES THE COMPROMISE INTO 3 SMALLER BILLS ALLOWING MEMBERS FO CONGRESS FROM DIFFERENT SECTIONS THE ABILITY TO VOTE FOR OR AGAINST THE PARTS THEY LIKED AND DISLIKED 4. COMPROMISE OF 1850 WAS PASSED  NO PERMANENT SOLUTION TO THE SLAVERY ISSUE

WEBSTER CALHOUN DOUGLAS