The Far West and Territorial Crisis. I. Geopolitics and the expansion of American power Oregon Texas Mexican- American War.

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Presentation transcript:

The Far West and Territorial Crisis

I. Geopolitics and the expansion of American power Oregon Texas Mexican- American War

A. Oregon 1.American – British control 2.Midwestern & Yankee settlers 3.“54’40 or fight!”

B. Tejas – Mexican Independence Moses Austin Stephen F. Austin 2. Tejanos & tension Alamo, 1836

3. Republic of Texas (1836) - struggle for admission (1845) 4. Disputed boundaries

C. Mexican-American War, James K. Polk - politics of expansion 2. Plan backfires Henry David Thoreau Civil Disobedience

3. Wilmot Proviso, breakdown of national party system - southern Dems & Whigs unite - northern Whigs & Dems lose credibility , Free Soil Party

II. Territorial Crisis and Coming of the Civil War

A. Questions remaining 1.California Gold Rush 2.Slavery in D.C. 3.Fugitive Slave Act

B. Compromise of California admitted as free state 2.Popular Sovereignty in other territories 3.Slave trade abolished in D.C. 4.Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

The Republic is saved… …not quite Left open the possibility that slavery could or could not expand Reopened “constitutionality” of slavery Fugitive Slave Act wildly unpopular in North

III. Things Fall Apart

A. Popular Sovereignty 1.Stephen Douglas

2. Kansas-Nebraska Act, violation of MO Compromise 3. Race to settle Plains

B. “Bleeding Kansas” , Lecompton Constitution 2.Open warfare Sack of Lawrence, 1856 Pottawatomie Creek Massacre, 1856 Violation of Popular Sovereignty

C. Dred Scott Case, 1857 Dred Scott Roger Taney 1. Constitution protected slavery everywhere

South: Any further opposition to spread of slavery was a threat to Constitutional rights of Southerners North: Texas, Mexico, Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska, Dred Scott… …victory of the Slave Power Conspiracy

1854 – (modern) Republican Party coalition formed in opposition to (spread of) slavery Free Soilers, Free Labor Ideology progressives, northern Whigs, industrialists Abolitionists 1 region – 1 unifying issue

D candidates, one result (Lincoln, Douglas, Bell, Breckinridge) 2.Pro-slave faction permanent minority

E. Southern Radicals 1. Deep South revolt -Dec. 20, 1860 – South Carolina Convention -followed by MS, AL, GA, LA, TX by February -Montgomery Convention, Feb Confederate States of America

2. Confederate Constitution strong states’ rights no abolition of slavery Jefferson Davis

F. Presidential response 1.“Lame Duck” Buchanan 2.Abraham Lincoln 3.April 1861, Ft. Sumter