Chapter 6: The Constitution and the Critical Period TIMELINE: The End of the Revolution (1781) until The Election of 1800

I. Framing a New Government A.Advocates of stronger government 1. backed by influential Americans a. businessmen b. Society of Cincinnati c. manufacturers d. merchants/shippers e. land speculators f. property owners g. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, George Washington

I. Framing a New Government B.A Divided Constitution 1. May-September, 1787, Philadelphia 2. George Washington a. presiding officer b. closed meeting to public and press 3. rules

I. Framing a New Government B.A Divided Constitution 4. presentation of plans a. The Virginia Plan b. The New Jersey Plan 5. questions about each

I. Framing a New Government C.Compromise 1. The Grand Committee 2. The Great Compromise a. representation b. slavery c. unanswered questions

I. Framing a New Government D.The Constitution of James Madison 2. states vs. national government vs. sovereignty 3. separation of powers 4. “a republic based on federalism”

I. Framing a New Government E.Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists 1. national debate in states over ratification 2. “factions” (Federalist #10) 3. Federalists a. Washington and Franklin b. The Federalist Papers (Hamilton, Madison, Jay)

I. Framing a New Government E.Federalists and Anti-Federalists 4. Anti-Federalists a. “defenders of the revolution” b. fear of strong government and tyranny (state vs. the people) c. wanted a bill of rights

I. Framing a New Government F.Completing the Constitution 1. Washington’s Inauguration 2. final ratification 3. Judiciary Act of The Cabinet

II. Federalists and Republicans A.Hamilton and the Federalists 1. Hamilton and George Washington 2. Hamilton and the debt 3. Hamilton and the bank 4. Hamilton and taxes 1. whiskey 2. Report on Manufactures

II. Federalists and Republicans B.Enacting the First Federalist Agenda 1. the debt vs. the capitol 2. the bank vs. the Constitution 3. the tax vs. the people

II. Federalists and Republicans C.The Republican Opposition 1. Thomas Jefferson and James Madison 2. took inspiration from the French Revolution

III. Establishing National Sovereignty: The Federalists’ Second Domestic Agenda A.Securing the Frontier 1. The Whiskey Rebellion a b. government response? 2. Federalists earn loyalties

III. Establishing National Sovereignty: The Federalists’ Second Domestic Agenda B.Native Americans and the New Nation 1. continued clashes with settlers and Native Americans 2. Indians were not “in” the Constitution a. population totals b. regulating commerce c. no representation d. land

III. Establishing National Sovereignty: The Federalists’ Second Domestic Agenda C.Federalists’ Domestic Agenda 1. Alien and Sedition Acts a. intended to silence opposition b. The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions 2. elevated debate between Federalists and Republicans to national level a. Lyon vs. Griswold b. state legislatures

III. Establishing National Sovereignty: The Federalists’ Foreign Policy Agenda C.Neutrality : war between GB and Fr 2. French diplomat Edmond Genet 3. GB and ship seizure 4. Jay Treaty a. settled conflict with GB b. established Am. sovereignty over NW. c. public response 5. Pinckney Treaty

III. Establishing National Sovereignty: The Federalists’ Foreign Policy Agenda B.Federalists Foreign Policy 1. relations with GB, Spain, and France 2. The XYZ Affair —Department of the Navy a. began shipbuilding program b. allied with GB

IV. Downfall of the Federalists A.The Election of Washington’s Farewell Address 2. Federalists: John Adams Republicans: Thomas Jefferson 3. Federalists split over Adams and Jefferson becomes VP 4. weakens both Adams and Hamilton

IV. Downfall of the Federalists B.Election of Adams vs. Jefferson, Round 2 2. campaign of personal attacks, scandal, and “the politics of personal destruction” 3. New York vote a. Aaron Burr and The Tammany Society b. tie in votes 4. Judiciary Act of 1801 a. “midnight appointments” b. Marbury v. Madison (1803)