1: I CROMOSOMI degli eucarioti: aspetto CROMOSOMA METACENTRICO (con 2 bracci di lunghezza simile) A A a b B 2 COPPIE DI CROMOSOMI OMOLOGHI CROMATIDI FRATELLI.

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Presentation transcript:

1: I CROMOSOMI degli eucarioti: aspetto CROMOSOMA METACENTRICO (con 2 bracci di lunghezza simile) A A a b B 2 COPPIE DI CROMOSOMI OMOLOGHI CROMATIDI FRATELLI CENTROMERI a b TELOMERI CROMOSOMA TELOCENTRICO (con 1 braccio) CARIOTIPO: assetto cromosomico di una cellula, di un individuo, di una specie bracci Cromosoma condensato

2: I cromosomi nucleari degli eucarioti: struttura DNA Ottamero di istoni Nucleosoma Cromatina Solenoide Impalcatura nucleare Impalcatura cromosomica Condensazione cromosomica (mitosi, meiosi)

3: Replicazione semiconservativa del DNA nei cromosomi degli eucarioti G1G1 S BrUdR G2G2 Mitosi (M 1 ) G1G1 S BrUdR G2G2 Mitosi (M 2 )

4: MITOSI b b A A a a B B bbbb AAAA aaaa BBBB METAFASE A a b B MITOSI DUPLICAZIONE (interfase) 2 n cromosomi duplicati 2 n cromosomi ANAFASE a A b B

5: MEIOSI A a a b B b b B CROSSING OVER AA AA BbBb aaaa BbBb a AA CHIASMI APPAIAMENTO 2 n cromosomi duplicati a A A b B n bivalenti ANAFASE 1 GAMETI a B aB a b ab A b Ab A B AB n cromosomi duplicati ANAFASE 2 n cromosomi

6: Determinazione cromosomica del sesso ZW ZZ ½ W e ½ Z tutti Z ½ WZ ½ ZZ XY XX ½ XY ½ XX ½ Y e ½ X tutti X

7: SEGREGAZIONE INDIPENDENTE DI CROMOSOMI MARCATORI IN MEIOSI 50%

8: SEGREGAZIONE INDIPENDENTE DEI CROMOSOMI IN MEIOSI n cromosomi duplicati aaaa bbbb aaaa BBBB BBBB AA AA AA AA bbbb ANAFASE 2 GAMETI a b ab a b A B AB A B n cromosomi a B aB a B A b Ab A b GAMETI ANAFASE 2 n cromosomi