IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency V. Cisar Division of Concepts and Planning Practical Exercises on the Establishment of the SSAC at the State Level Neptune (2000, 2010 & 2030) Regional Training Course on State Systems of Accounting for and Control of Nuclear Material for States in the Middle East with Limited Nuclear Material and Activities Amman, Jordan, 17 to 21 January 2010 Session 5.8

IAEA RTC-SSAC Jordan-2010 Sess. – 5.8 Page 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE MODEL COUNTRY - Neptune

IAEA RTC-SSAC Jordan-2010 Sess. – 5.8 Page 3 Country Historical Overview Neptune’s nuclear activities are as follows: A. Neptune in 2000 ~ (modified SQP in force, LOFs, one uranium mine) B. Neptune in 2010 ~ (decision taken and construction started regarding a research reactor, plans to build-up the first NPP) C. Neptune in 2030 ~ ( fuel fabrication plants, several NPPs, LOFs and uranium mines, other nuclear related activities)

IAEA RTC-SSAC Jordan-2010 Sess. – 5.8 Page 4 Neptune in 2000 The only nuclear and nuclear related activities within the country are: Uranium mine and concentration plant at Barton (the entire production shipped to Specifica) Depleted uranium used as a shielding in several hospitals and industrial companies Natural uranium at National Museum in Lyons Modified SQP in place The Neptune Ministry of Technology and Science (NMTS) controls all aspects concerning the implementation of the safeguards agreement and is also responsible for providing additional protocol declarations.

IAEA RTC-SSAC Jordan-2010 Sess. – 5.8 Page 5 Neptune in 2010 Neptune’s nuclear related activities are as follows: one research reactor to be constructed in 2010 at Hastie’s Gulch; decision taken about construction of the first power reactor (operational in 2018); nuclear research activities at Hastie’s Gulch and the Neptune Technical University at Conder ; small quantities of NM (much exempted); Mining and Milling Activities ; SA SSAC HQ dislocated in Lyons.

IAEA RTC-SSAC Jordan-2010 Sess. – 5.8 Page 6 Neptune in 2010 Research Programs at Hastie's Gulch: Research and development into production of purified uranium dioxide at mining/milling sites Research into immobilisation of spent fuel in ceramics A research project at the School of Mining at the Neptune Technical University (at Conder) Aimed on the production of uranium hexafluoride directly from uranium ore at mining/milling sites (does not yet use nuclear material).

IAEA RTC-SSAC Jordan-2010 Sess. – 5.8 Page 7 Neptune in Mining and Milling Activities Operating mines Pearce Barton Uranium Mine Lyneham Uranium mines in the planning stage Chifley Uranium Mine Torrens Mine Isaacs Valley O'Connor Uranium ore concentration plant and yellow cake storage at Barton

IAEA RTC-SSAC Jordan-2010 Sess. – 5.8 Page 8 Neptune in 2010 Nuclear Material Exempted from Safeguards depleted uranium as a shielding in several hospitals and industrial companies; exhibits at National Museum of Neptune Lyons.

IAEA RTC-SSAC Jordan-2010 Sess. – 5.8 Page 9 Neptune in 2030 Neptune’s nuclear related activities are as follows: Nuclear facilities one Candu reactor at Cook, 2 Candu reactors at Holder; 2 LW reactors at North Cooma; one research reactor at Hastie’s Gulch; one fuel fabrication plant at Bruce and one at McGregor; one conversion plant at Bruce; small bulk facility at New Bradford; Nuclear research; Small quantities of NM (much exempted). SA SSAC HQ moved from Lyons to Holt

IAEA RTC-SSAC Jordan-2010 Sess. – 5.8 Page 10 Neptune in 2030 Neptune’s nuclear related activities are as follows: Uranium mining and milling: two mines operating, two in development; other mines producing other minerals that have non-trivial contents of uranium and thorium; uranium ore concentration plant. Graphite industry: "amorphous graphite”; high-purity graphite.

IAEA RTC-SSAC Jordan-2010 Sess. – 5.8 Page 11 Neptune in 2030 Research Programs at Hastie's Gulch Research into the use of centrifuges to separate isotopes of molybdenum Laser enrichment research Research and development into production of purified uranium dioxide at mining/milling sites Research into immobilisation of spent fuel in ceramics

IAEA RTC-SSAC Jordan-2010 Sess. – 5.8 Page 12 Neptune in 2030 Research at Universities The School of Chemistry at the National University of Neptune (at Holt) has a project: that looks as if it might lead to molecular laser isotope separation, which does not use nuclear material. The School of Mining at the Neptune Technical University (at Conder) has a project: to produce uranium hexafluoride directly from uranium ore at mining/milling sites; which does not yet use nuclear material.

IAEA RTC-SSAC Jordan-2010 Sess. – 5.8 Page 13 Neptune in Mining and Milling Activities Operating mines Chifley Uranium Mine Torrens Mine Decommissioned uranium mines Pearce Barton Uranium Mine Lyneham Uranium mines in the planning stage Radon Hill Mount McCubbin Uranium mines and mills in the pre-operational stage Isaacs Valley O'Connor Uranium ore concentration plant and yellow cake storage at Barton

IAEA RTC-SSAC Jordan-2010 Sess. – 5.8 Page 14 Neptune in Mining and Milling Activities Other activities with the potential to yield source material Monazite mining at Gordon monazite contains thorium and uranium; processed in Neptune (for rare earths); NM remains in tailings dam. Tantalite mining at Duffey all exported; receiving State has NM in tailings dam; will process for uranium later.

IAEA RTC-SSAC Jordan-2010 Sess. – 5.8 Page 15 Neptune in 2030 Potentially Nuclear-related Exports Graphite "amorphous graphite” for sealing rings at Fadden; graphite of high purity for electrodes from petroleum coke at Erindale.

IAEA RTC-SSAC Jordan-2010 Sess. – 5.8 Page 16 Neptune in 2030 Nuclear Material Exempted from Safeguards depleted uranium as a shielding in several hospitals and industrial companies; exhibits at National Museum of Neptune Lyons.

IAEA RTC-SSAC Jordan-2010 Sess. – 5.8 Page 17 Neptune in State Regulatory Authority For the country, the Neptune Ministry of Technology and Science (NMTS) controls all aspects concerning the implementation of the safeguards agreement and is also responsible for providing additional protocol declarations. The NMTS has decided to strengthen the position of the SSAC SA to reflect the extending trend of nuclear fuel cycle as well as the dislocations of its different elements through the whole Neptune.

IAEA RTC-SSAC Jordan-2010 Sess. – 5.8 Page 18 Workshop Instructions The worksheets of the workshop consist of several sets of specific questions and/or instructions related to the establishment and maintenance of the SSAC in Neptune. WS ~ group/team work. There are no right or wrong answers to the worksheet questions. You will be asked to give answers that you think are sensible, not what you think I or we would say.

IAEA RTC-SSAC Jordan-2010 Sess. – 5.8 Page 19 Workshop Instructions It is recommended that each group appoints a chairperson, to keep the discussion under control, note the conclusions arrived at, and keep the group's work moving along, and a spokesperson, or several spokespeople.

IAEA RTC-SSAC Jordan-2010 Sess. – 5.8 Page 20 Overview of the Tasks 1. Basic legal requirements 2. State level information system 3. Specification of requirements for nuclear materials accountancy and control 4. Requirements for Compliance with the Additional Protocol 5. Drafting a licence for the possession of nuclear material 6. Ensuring compliance with requirements 7. Preparing an inspection plan 8. State level resources